Its treatment and prevention methods mainly focus on the possible causes and pathogenesis to treat, such as reducing the dose of hormones, preventing and controlling osteoporosis, reducing intraosseous pressure, improving local blood circulation and other methods. In summary, there are two main categories of conservative treatment and surgical treatment. 1, conservative treatment: conservative treatment is mainly adapted to the early patients with undeformed femoral head, conservative treatment does not play a role in curing femoral head necrosis. The methods include: (1) reduce the amount of hormones as much as possible: for those who are expected to need a larger dose of hormones for more than 3 months, immunosuppressants should be added as much as possible, in order to reduce the dose of hormones as early as possible, to prevent the emergence of femoral head necrosis and other adverse reactions. (2) Restriction of weight bearing, bed rest with traction, hip herringbone cast fixation, etc.: to facilitate the healing and reconstruction of femoral head necrosis, but the effect of the treatment method of avoiding weight bearing alone is not ideal and the success rate is low, mainly suitable for femoral head necrosis whose lesions are located on the medial side of the femoral head. (3) Prevention and control of osteoporosis: adequate supplementation of calcium and vitamin D and use of some drugs for osteoporosis; (4) Lipid-lowering drugs and anticoagulants: some studies reported that the occurrence of osteonecrosis was significantly reduced when hormones were used in combination with statins (lovastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, etc.), suggesting that statins can prevent the occurrence of osteonecrosis. (5) Physical therapy: mainly through the thermal effect or mechanical stress on bone tissue or cells, causing potential changes and cavitation effect, etc., activating cells and tissues, activating cell proliferation and promoting tissue growth, thus improving local blood circulation. Physical therapy includes shock wave, ultra-short wave, fractional meter wave, electrical stimulation and other treatment methods. (6) Interventional therapy: Interventional therapy is the direct injection of thrombolytic, anticoagulant, vasodilator and Chinese medicine into the blood supply arteries of the femoral head, such as the internal and external femoral arteries and the closed artery, or cannula perfusion with the injection of bone growth promoter in the local necrotic area, in order to expand the blood vessels in the femoral head area, dissolve the fat emboli, unblock the microcirculation of the femoral head, improve the local blood supply, promote the growth of new bone and repair the necrotic femoral head. (7) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: to promote femoral head repair by increasing blood oxygen partial pressure and improving bone cell hypoxia. (8) Stem cell therapy (9) Chinese herbal medicine treatment 2, surgery: surgery is the main method of treatment for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in the middle and late stages, but surgery is not suitable for all people, surgery for necrosis of the femoral head has a large risk, high cost and other disadvantages. Moreover, it has to be replaced again at certain intervals after surgery. Even if we do not consider the cost, we have to consider whether the patient’s body can bear it. (1) Medullary core decompression + simple bone grafting: At present, simple medullary core decompression of the femoral head (because it can accelerate the collapse of the femoral head) is used less often, and medullary core decompression + simple bone grafting is generally used, which has once become a popular treatment for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head because it not only removes the necrotic bone but also reduces the intraosseous pressure while providing limited mechanical support. (2) Marrow core decompression + vascular bundle implantation or bone grafting with blood transport: Although marrow core decompression plus simple bone grafting achieves better efficacy, the implanted bone has no blood transport and the vast majority of the bone may become necrotic. In order to solve the blood transport of the transplanted bone, vascular bundle implantation or iliac flap with vascular tip and vascular bundle implantation or large bone flap with vascular tip or with myotis plus vascular bundle implantation with dead bone removal is used to achieve good results. (3) Osteotomy: The principle of osteotomy is to change the line of gravity of the femoral head through osteotomy, rotating the necrotic area from the weight-bearing area to the non-weight-bearing area to create conditions for its repair. The efficacy of osteotomy has been improved through continuous improvement. (4) Periosteal transplantation: Some people have designed iliac periosteal transplantation with deep iliac vessels to treat ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, and its blood supply implantation is reliable, which can rebuild the blood circulation of the femoral head and fundamentally reduce the intraosseous pressure. The inner layer cells of the tipped periosteum can differentiate into osteoblasts, which has a positive effect on the repair of femoral head necrosis. (5) Femoral head surface replacement and femoral head resurfacing: For patients with severe subchondral bone collapse in advanced stages, femoral head replacement, bipolar artificial femoral head replacement and artificial total hip replacement can be chosen, but these methods have high incidence of late joint loosening, prosthesis sinking and many complications. Therefore, some people have used femoral head resurfacing treatment to achieve better results and believe that femoral head resurfacing surgery can replace femoral head hemispheric replacement, bipolar femoral head replacement and total hip replacement, which is especially suitable for adolescents.