The management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoid disease in normal population is relatively simple, while special group needs to take corresponding management strategies in combination with the special physiological and psychological characteristics and pathogenesis of patients. Generally speaking, special group refers to a group with special physiological and psychological characteristics, or in a certain special environment, with relatively poor self-protection and recovery ability, and vulnerable to the effects of various harmful factors. According to the professional characteristics of the anorectum, we believe that the special group of hemorrhoid disease mainly includes pregnant women, the elderly, infants and children and patients with serious underlying diseases. In general, the above four groups of people with hemorrhoid disease mostly take conservative treatment, combined with their own diet, life conditioning can be alleviated to a certain extent, only when the patient has an emergency or serious impact on normal life, then consider surgical intervention, and more use of less trauma, light stimulation, relatively few postoperative complications, to solve the main clinical symptoms of surgical treatment, which can properly reduce the patient’s postoperative complications and facilitate the management of postoperative complications. When it comes to the management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoids in special populations, we first briefly analyze the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in pregnant women, the elderly, and infants to facilitate the management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoids according to their physiological and pathological characteristics, with a view to minimizing patient discomfort. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in pregnant women The relatively high incidence of hemorrhoids in pregnant women is related to a series of physiological changes that occur in the body of the pregnant woman during pregnancy, as the fetus grows, the uterus grows larger and the pressure on the pelvic veins increases, so that the blood flow back in the pelvis is blocked and the blood flow in the venous plexus around the anus is slow, the blood is stagnant and the blood vessels dilate to form hemorrhoids. In addition to the increasing abdomen of pregnant women, the relative inconvenience of activities, long bedtime, low activity, relaxation of the rectus abdominis muscle and pelvic floor muscles, slow gastrointestinal peristalsis, prone to constipation, and clumps of fecal matter compressing the intestinal wall veins, making the venous reflux more poorly, when defecating, forceful struggle, increased abdominal pressure, hemorrhoidal vein expansion, can also contribute to the formation of hemorrhoids. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in the elderly The higher incidence of hemorrhoids in the elderly has its own special factors, as the age of the elderly, the physiological functions tend to decline, the intestinal peristalsis is slow, and the anorectal nerves, blood vessels, muscles and ligaments are in a relaxed state of decline, which can easily lead to the onset of hemorrhoids. In addition, the elderly are often accompanied by a variety of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, chronic bronchitis and diabetes, which increases the risk of surgery, the use of local or oral drugs to temporarily control the symptoms, so that hemorrhoids do not get thorough and effective treatment, hemorrhoids are often heavier. At the same time, elderly people suffering from hemorrhoids, severe constipation and other anorectal diseases, local discomfort and sudden increase in abdominal pressure during defecation, beyond the degree of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular tolerance, will directly or indirectly induce, aggravate coronary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases. The incidence of hemorrhoids in infants and young children is very low, mostly due to diarrhea or dry stools, generally normal stools hemorrhoids will heal on their own and do not require drug treatment, occasionally serious cases can be treated with oral laxatives and local topical creams. Some infants and children have recurrent hemorrhoids due to congenital weakness of the perianal plexus and dry stools, and the symptoms gradually worsen, which seriously affects the growth and development of the child, so surgery needs to be considered. Postoperative complications are relatively few, but they are more difficult to deal with because the child is uncooperative after surgery.