I. Immunotherapy
The purpose of these treatments is to stimulate the immune function of the body, enhance the proliferation of lymphocytes, produce non-specific IgG, and thus improve the immune function of the patient’s body.
Second, desensitization therapy
It is applied to exogenous asthma, which is aimed at certain allergens that cause allergic reactions in the body, using a small dose to start and gradually increase the concentration, so that the body reacts with a decrease in IgE to achieve the dual role of etiological treatment and etiological prevention. However, because of the wide variety of allergens, some allergens such as dust, mites, pollen and molds are almost everywhere and cannot be prevented, so there is still a debate on their therapeutic status.
Prevention of viral infections Respiratory tract infections, especially RSV infections and pediatric asthma attacks are closely related, so it is important to prevent viral respiratory infections, there are few effective antiviral drugs at home and abroad, often using.
1, interferon: has a broad-spectrum antiviral effect, useful interferon aerosol to prevent viral respiratory infections, to stop asthma attacks reported, but the source is difficult, expensive, and the longer the course of treatment, the more side effects are seen.
2, virus azole aerosol: to prevent and control infectious asthma to achieve certain efficacy, can be from the nasal drops, or aerosol inhalation, 2-3 times a day.
3.Stabilizing cell membrane: By stabilizing mast cell cell membrane and inhibiting mast cell degranulation, thus preventing the release of chemical mediators, the prevention of asthma attack can be achieved by
(1) sodium cromoglycate: it is the first choice of preventive medicine, this drug is not absorbed in the intestinal tract, it needs half powder 20mg, put it in the spray inhaler and inhale it 3-4 times a day, usually it can take effect after 2-4 weeks, the course of treatment is 4-6 months, but this drug has no diastolic effect on the bronchial tubes, it is not effective for acute attacks, some individual children inhaled this drug can induce bronchial asthma.
(2) Ketotifen: can be taken orally, also has the effect of stabilizing mast cell membrane and antihistamine, suitable for all types of asthma, the dose is 0.08-0.12mg/kg/d, at least 6-12 months, but this drug is not strong diastolic bronchial effect, has been widely used as prevention of asthma attacks, side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, drowsiness, etc., children than adults rare.
4, exercise: physical exercise is extremely important for children with long-term asthma, and can be carried out at the same time as drug treatment. Physical exercise can promote blood circulation and metabolism, improve respiratory function, enhance muscle tone, improve the body’s ability to adapt to changes in temperature and the external environment, and participate in physical exercise can also promote appetite, maintain a happy spirit, and improve the body’s ability to resist disease. In addition, we should establish a regular life system, gradually increase the amount of exercise according to local conditions, cold water washing, foot washing and other exercises, and swimming activities in summer are beneficial exercise methods, as long as under the guidance of doctors and certain drug treatment, persistent, physical exercise is an important measure to prevent asthma attacks and regulate the functional state of the body.
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment
During the interval between attacks, strengthen the method of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys, and use the traditional “summer treatment for winter diseases”, which has been widely used.
1. Reduce the mental stimulation and burden of the child’s mind
Asthma is also a psychosomatic disease. Since the onset of asthma is related to the excitability of the nervous system, medical personnel must tell parents to avoid the following two incorrect tendencies in treating children with asthma.
(1) over-pampering and accommodating, resulting in the gradual formation of an abnormal personality in the child, and the disease can fluctuate with mood changes;
(2) caring too little about the sick child, or even developing an attitude of disgust and indifference towards him/her, so as to increase the psychological pressure on the sick child, which is unfavorable to the disease. The sick child is also often absent from school due to sick leave, and the pressure on learning and physical exercise is high, which will increase his/her mental burden if not handled correctly, so the asthmatic child should be encouraged to participate more in group activities, learn to self-manage, under the supervision of certain medical personnel, and to daily The doctor should also explain in detail to parents and children (older children) the factors that cause asthma and preventive and control measures, and encourage parents, children and doctors to work closely together to overcome the disease, and children can mostly reduce attacks until they are basically cured as long as they adhere to treatment.
The prognosis of asthma is often related to the age of onset, the severity of the disease, the duration of the disease and whether there is a family history of asthma, according to foreign materials, 80% of children can be completely cured by adolescence, and 70% stop having attacks after the age of 10. Therefore, only when the clinical symptoms disappear and the respiratory function tests are completely normal can they be called cured.
2. The reasons for the improvement of symptoms or cessation of attacks after puberty may be related to the following four factors.
(1) The basic maturity of neuroendocrine function after puberty, especially the normal function of the adrenal cortex, which allows asthma to be controlled.
(2) The presence of allergens and allergic conditions in the body, with age and through desensitization therapy, which improves the immune regulation of the body and reduces the level of IgE in the body.
(3) Avoidance of contact with allergens as environmental conditions improve.
(4) With ageing and physical exercise to enhance physical fitness, and also enhance the body’s ability to resist infection and disease, thus reducing and controlling asthma attacks.
(3) Recurrent bronchial asthma attacks have a great impact on the growth, development, life and learning of children, and should be prevented as early as possible.
Avoid contact with allergens and identify triggering factors
Treatment should be detailed to understand the triggering factors and details of each attack, pay attention to the prevention of respiratory infections, eliminate lesions (such as timely treatment of sinusitis, nasal polyps, tonsillitis, dental caries, etc.), avoid overwork, rain, running and mental and emotional stimulation, avoid contact and timely treatment of known allergens, such as contact with pollen, application of aspirin and other drugs, and improve the environment or live in a convenient place if possible.
During the course of bronchial asthma, acute, chronic and therapeutic complications can arise due to the effects of long-term disease, pathophysiological disorders during acute attacks, or due to the improper use of certain drugs, etc. Once these complications occur, they can often aggravate the disease or are not easily controlled, and some of them can directly cause life-threatening complications, some of which are listed below.
(1) Emphysema and pulmonary heart disease
During an asthma attack, the patient’s chest rises, the shoulders are high, there is obvious shortness of breath with a little activity, and an increase in translucency is seen on chest X-ray. The patient thinks he has emphysema, but this is actually not the case, because it is difficult to breathe during an asthma attack, so much air cannot be exhaled from the lungs, forming a clinical manifestation similar to emphysema, but once the attack subsides, these manifestations can disappear. Some scholars believe that if asthma is not complicated by chronic bronchitis, some people can still have no obvious manifestations of emphysema even after decades of having the disease.
As with emphysema, the question of whether there is secondary heart disease is also a concern for patients. In fact, even in advanced asthma, secondary pulmonary heart disease is not uncommon, especially in pediatric patients.
(2) Respiratory arrest and respiratory failure
Respiratory arrest refers to the sudden onset of respiratory arrest, which mostly occurs when the patient has been onset of illness for several days after meals and coughing, but also after light activity, before the occurrence of this serious complication, usually the condition is not too serious, and there is no warning, so the patient is mostly at home, and timely treatment by family members is very important. The cause of respiratory arrest is still unclear, and may be related to the onset of neurological reflex disorders, although the chance of this complication is very small, but people who have had an arrest often have the possibility of a second occurrence, should be particularly alert!
Respiratory failure occurs much more slowly than respiratory arrest, and is usually complicated by the late development of persistent asthma, manifested by changes in mental status and obvious cyanosis, and should be taken to a hospital for treatment.
(3)Pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema
When breathing, the movement of the chest wall, like a bellows, enables the gas to enter and leave the lungs. During an asthma attack, due to the obstruction of the small airways, the pressure in the alveoli can be higher when coughing, and some of the weaker alveoli may rupture at this time, and the ruptured alveoli may join together to form alveoli, or the gas may run down the interstitial space to the mediastinum to form a mediastinal emphysema. The more common situation is that the gas escapes to the pleural cavity outside the lung, resulting in pneumothorax.
(4) Heart rhythm disturbance and shock
Severe persistent asthma can itself cause cardiac rhythm disturbances and shock due to the effects of hypoxia, however, the chance of these two complications occurring due to improper treatment is much more common in clinical practice.
(5) Atresia syndrome
The so-called “atresia syndrome” of asthma refers to the asthma attacks found clinically in the past decade, in which the degree of attack is not necessarily violent, but continues day after day without any obvious effect on various drugs, as if the airway is “closed” or It is as if the airway is “closed” or “locked up”.
The main causes of atresia syndrome are overdose of isoproterenol or inappropriate use of promethazine during treatment for rapid heartbeat.
(6) Thoracic deformity and rib fracture
Thoracic deformities are quite common in asthmatic lesions, mainly in patients who have had asthma since childhood or in those with long-term illness.
Rib fractures mainly occur during coughing or wheezing during violent attacks, due to violent contraction of the transverse septum and obstruction of the airway resulting in fracture of the ribs.
(7) Delayed growth and development
In general, asthma has little effect on the growth and development of children, but when asthma attacks occur throughout the year or when adrenocorticotropic hormones are used for a long time, the growth and development of children may be greatly affected by hypoxia or the inhibition of protein synthesis by corticotropic hormones.
To prevent and treat this disease, we should pay attention to the diet. First of all, we should choose foods that are good for the lungs, spleen and kidneys, such as almonds, walnuts, Luo Han Guo, tofu, wolfberries, Poria, animal lungs, spleen and pancreas. In addition, the diet should be light. Choose foods containing high quality protein such as lean pork, eggs, beans, etc. Eat more vegetables and fruits containing vitamins such as fresh cabbage, chard, radish, tomatoes, yam, lotus seeds, oranges, egg yolk, cream, etc. to repair the alveoli damaged by asthma and to improve the resistance of children to disease.
It is important to abstain from eating fishy seafood, such as sea shrimp, crab and fish, because these foods are likely to be allergens of asthma. Also do not eat overly sweet, spicy foods and cold drinks, which may aggravate the condition, especially since cold and spicy could have been triggers as well.
Foods to eat.
cabbage
Radish
lotus seeds
Tofu
Foods to avoid.
Ginger
Garlic
Onion
Cheese