Young people are the flowers of the country and the future of the world, and every family wants their children to have a pair of bright eyes. Teachers in kindergartens and schools do a lot of hard work for children’s eye health, and every parent thinks hard about how to protect their children’s eyes, but despite such careful care, visual impairment still occurs, making parents and teachers confused and anxious. In today’s information explosion, the Internet, television, newspapers, radio and other media propaganda, a wide range of treatment instruments, drugs, the introduction of a variety of gong method package cure, so that the eager parents do not know what to do. In order to get a clear understanding of the near is running to Weifang, Qingdao, far is to Beijing, Shanghai, really pity the world parents heart. Youth vision disorders, myopia accounts for the majority, followed by farsightedness, astigmatism, etc. The following is a brief introduction to the prevention and treatment knowledge.
I. Myopia
It refers to the static object imaging in the retina before, divided into two categories: simple and pathological, often squinting eyes to see things, look at the near clear look at the far blurred. The former is mainly a lens adjustment abnormality, glasses generally do not exceed 600 degrees; can be prevented or delay the development through good eye hygiene, physical exercise, dietary habits, more outdoor activities, newly found that a large intake of sugar, fried, barbecued meat food can promote its development. The latter is a long eye axis, closely related to congenital, genetic, drug treatment is ineffective, only prescription lenses, more than 600 degrees, some patients can choose surgery or wear corneal contact lenses can get some corrective effect. Regardless of which type should go to the regular hospital ciliary muscle dilated pupil examination to determine the degree of glasses, especially the first prescription is more so.
Second, the farsighted eye
It refers to the static object imaging after the retina, divided into two categories: physiological and axial. The former can generally fade with physical development (200 – 400 degrees after birth), is the normal physiological process of human growth; the latter refers to 3-4 years old after the eye axis is still short, that is, the true axial hyperopia. Daily manifestations are eye strain, squinting, internal strabismus, amblyopia, etc. It is often detected before school age and should be treated in a hospital immediately after detection for standardization. Our experience is that
1, dilated pupil examination to determine the degree of glasses. Usually 1% atropine eye ointment is used to spot the eyes three times a day for 5 days for ≤6 years old, 3 days for 7-10 years old, and rapid pupil dilating medication for >10 years old.
2.Cover the healthy eye, do not change at will, should be under the guidance of the doctor.
3.Adjunctive treatment, persistent. Methods fine homework, amblyopia treatment device, network training board, etc.
4.Regular follow-up and adjustment of glasses prescription. ≤ 6 years old 1-3 months retest once, > 6 years old – 13 years old 3 months semi-annual retest once, until the vision is stable. This period usually takes 2-3 years.
5.Children with strabismus should undergo surgery after their visual acuity is stabilized.
6. For moderate and high hyperopia, lifelong glasses should be prescribed.
Astigmatism
The main reason is the congenital abnormality of the cornea. It is divided into six categories: hyperopic astigmatism, myopic astigmatism, compound hyperopic or myopic astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, and irregular astigmatism. It is characterized by squinting and unclear vision at distance and near. Mild astigmatism can be left untreated if there is no visual impairment, otherwise it should be corrected. Severe astigmatism should be corrected, and those with 800 degrees or more should be treated surgically if necessary.
Strabismus
It refers to the separation of the visual axis of both eyes caused by the abnormal position or movement of the eye. Commonly, there are internal strabismus (commonly known as “cross-eye”) and external strabismus (commonly known as “squint”). Once you find out that the eye position is not correct, you should go to the ophthalmology department of the hospital, do not panic, strabismus can be completely cured. Most of the combined hyperopia can be corrected by wearing glasses, otherwise, surgery can be performed, and the timing of surgery is chosen.
1, generally no more than 7 years old.
2, intermittent exotropia at the age of 3-5 years
3.Constant strabismus within 1 year of age.
4, non-modulating internal strabismus at 1-2 years of age
5, paralytic strabismus, first non-surgical treatment for 6 months-1 year before considering surgery.
V. Amblyopia
The term refers to the corrected visual acuity less than normal (distance visual acuity less than 0.9) without organic lesions inside or outside the eye. According to the etiology, there are four major categories: strabismus, refractive error, form of pressure stripping, and congenital; they are characterized by reduced visual acuity, eye misalignment, abnormal fixation, and nystagmus. The younger the age, the better the treatment effect, and it is difficult to improve the vision after the age of 8 years, but we should insist on the treatment, and it is clinically proven that some children have good vision improvement. Our experience is “three needs and one regular”, that is, it needs a long time, the child needs to patiently insist, the parents need to patiently cooperate with supervision, and regular follow-up. The treatment methods include wearing glasses, eye shield, amblyopia therapy device, internet therapy, posterior image method, medication, etc.
In addition to the above mentioned visual impairment, there are also intraocular pathologies such as congenital cataracts and congenital retinal anomalies, which should be seen in the ophthalmology department of a regular hospital promptly after discovery to avoid delaying treatment.
In the ophthalmology clinic work sometimes encounter some 7, 8 years old or even older children after school to find poor vision, to the hospital examination found to have amblyopia, treatment is more difficult, here to remind all parents, baby 3 years old should go to the hospital ophthalmology check vision, so as not to delay treatment! We also often encounter some parents asking what is the safe and effective way to treat myopia, and we believe that wearing frame glasses is the most appropriate. Because teenagers are still in the process of development, the excimer laser, radial keratotomy, keratoplasty, corneal thermoforming and other surgical methods carried out in recent years should never be used, and we hope that parents and teenage friends should be careful!
The eyes are the windows to the soul, and it is known that 80% of human information is obtained by vision. We hope that the community, parents and teenagers should cherish their eyes as much as they cherish their lives!