Patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head suffer from hip joint pain, impaired mobility, collapse of the femoral head in late stages, and secondary hip osteoarthritis, which seriously threaten the quality of life of patients. Patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head are mostly between 30-60 years old, which is the main period of a person’s life to create value for society, and people of such age are often the main pillar of the family economy, while the ratio of men to women with osteonecrosis of the femoral head is close to 4:1. 75% of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head will experience collapse of the femoral head within 3 years after diagnosis, and only in the early stage of the disease when the femoral head has not yet collapsed is it possible to stop or Only in the early stages of the disease, when the femoral head has not collapsed, is it possible to stop or slow down the process of the disease, and in the late stages, hip replacement surgery is required. However, since patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head tend to be younger, mostly between 30-60 years old, and the current service life of artificial hip joints is 10-20 years, this means that most patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head need at least one more hip revision after 10 years of hip replacement. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is very important. So, what are the symptoms of typical femoral head necrosis? The main symptoms are soreness and pain in the affected hip joint and deep groin, radiating to the inner thigh (caused by the ipsilateral closed nerve stimulated by the diseased hip joint), and the pain is aggravated by walking, which can be relieved by early rest. These symptoms are often difficult to distinguish from other diseases. When the above symptoms appear, we also have to consider whether he has high risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. What are the common high-risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femur? Long-term or high doses of steroid hormones (including prednisone, hydrocodone, methylprednisolone, Depo-Provera, etc.); long-term alcohol abuse (>100ml of pure alcohol per drink, >2 drinks per week for more than 10 years); previous femoral neck fracture (femoral head necrosis may occur regardless of whether it is treated by surgical internal fixation or conservative treatment); patients with hemoglobinopathy, etc. What is the early stage of femoral head necrosis? At present, there is no clear definition for the early stage of femoral head necrosis, but we generally consider it as early stage of femoral head necrosis according to the most popular international Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO stage) within stage IIC. At this stage, the femoral head has not yet collapsed and the main diagnostic tool is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip joint. What are the more effective treatments for early stages of femoral head necrosis? At present, there is no very effective treatment for femoral head necrosis. Among them, those that are clinically proven to have certain therapeutic effects and may slow down or stop the process of femoral head necrosis include: ultrasonic shock wave therapy: a minimally invasive non-surgical treatment; femoral head compression: including medullary core decompression, multiple kernels puncture compression, etc.; femoral head implant: also known as femoral head decompression implant, including compression implant, bone implant with bone square muscle flap, fibula implant with vascular tip, etc.; stem cells and cytokine therapy has not been clinically validated and is not recommended for the time being. How can patients with suspected osteonecrosis of the femoral head be diagnosed and treated promptly? Femoral head necrosis needs to be differentiated from various diseases such as slipped epiphysis, congenital hip dysplasia, abnormal healing of femoral neck fracture, hip osteoarthritis and osteoporotic pain of the hip joint. It is recommended to consult a professional joint surgeon and to undergo X-ray and MRI of the hip joint.