In our daily outpatient work, we often encounter patients with vertigo, who often prefer emergency medicine or neurology when they have dizziness attacks due to lack of knowledge of this disease. However, general practitioners often consider “cerebral ischemia” as the cause of the disease and give blood-activating drugs to nerve treatment, which delays the treatment and seriously affects the efficacy of the treatment, and because of the strong onset of the disease, patients are very nervous and anxious and have a heavy mental burden. Therefore, patients need to know some basic knowledge about vertigo. First of all: patients must know whether it is dizziness or vertigo , vertigo is a kind of motion illusion, and there is no external stimulation during the attack. Vertigo itself is not an independent disease, there are dozens of diseases that can cause vertigo. Vertigo can be spinning, tumbling, swaying, tipping sensations, floating and bumping sensations. These sensations are true vertigo and are generally associated with physiological and pathological stimulation of the vestibular system. Dizziness, sometimes referred to as lightheadedness, is a symptom of discomfort that occurs within the head and cannot be accurately expressed. It can be a mild feeling of unsteadiness, floating, or slight movement and can be caused by dysfunction of the vestibular system or by chronic diseases such as hypotension, cerebral ischemia, hypoglycemia, or anxiety. Second: Patients must understand whether the vertigo is central or peripheral or vascular. In terms of onset time, it is otolithic within one minute; several minutes: several recurrent attacks a day, vertebral basilar artery dysfunction, cervical vertigo; within several minutes to 24 hours: vagal pathology. Meniere’s disease, delayed vagal effusion, early syphilitic vaginitis, vestibular epilepsy migratory rotational vertigo; more than 24 hours to less than 3-4 weeks: destructive lesions of the vagus or vestibular pathways. Vestibular neuritis, bacterial and viral vestibular neuritis, internal auditory artery syndrome, head trauma, vestibular oscillations, window membrane rupture, skull base fracture, multiple sclerosis. In terms of nystagmus: horizontal nystagmus is a vestibular disease and vertical nystagmus is a central disease. Temporal characteristics of vertigo attacks: sudden onset-peripheral vertigo; gradually increasing-central vertigo; intermittent-peripheral vertigo; persistent-central vertigo . Conditions during vertigo attacks: sitting up or lying down, onset in supine position – transient ischemic vertigo and cervical vertigo, onset in certain head or body positions – BPPV. Concomitant symptoms of vertigo: cochlear symptoms before, after or at the same time as vertigo attacks – periventricular disorders. Vegetative symptoms-periventricular disorders. Neurological symptoms – central nervous system disorders. Neck pain, shoulder pain, numbness and weakness of upper and lower extremities – transient ischemic vertigo and cervical vertigo of the vertebral basilar artery Secondly, patients must undergo some necessary tests. The function of the cochlea is mainly the hearing function, while the vestibular part is the balance function. Many pathological processes not only involve the vestibular organs and cause vertigo symptoms, but also affect the cochlea and cause auditory damage. For example, in typical Ménière’s disease, in addition to episodes of vertigo, there is also fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus. In addition, sudden deafness and hearing loss in diseases such as auditory neuroma can occur in conjunction with vertigo. Some patients may not notice the change because their hearing is less impaired or because only certain frequencies are impaired, or they may ignore the change in hearing because of the vertigo and the accompanying nausea and vomiting. For this reason, many patients with vertigo, especially those with early onset, often require an audiological examination. The following information can be obtained by vestibular function examination in patients with vertigo: (1) whether the vertigo is true vertigo; (2) whether there is damage to vestibular function and on which side the damage is located; (3) whether the vertigo is peripheral or central; (4) certain intracranial tumors can show specific changes that can be useful for clinical diagnosis; (5) the presence of an idiosyncratic manifestation has special significance for the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal vertigo and parallel to the examination (6) The course of vertigo and its recovery are useful for differentiation and reference.