Cervical hypertrophy, a form of chronic cervicitis. Pathogens infect the cervical mucosa causing inflammatory changes. When the inflammation is treated, the local congestion and edema of the cervix subsides and…
Causes of cervical hypertrophy: 1. Long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation causes cervical congestion, edema, and hyperplasia of the cervical glands and interstitium resulting in different degrees of cervical hypertrophy. 2.…
Bladder mucosal leukoplakia (bladder leukoplakia) is a cystoscopic manifestation of chronic cystitis, and bladder mucosal metaplasia – squamous epithelial metaplasia of the bladder mucosa – is usually considered a rare…