Common pediatric congenital heart diseases include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, arterial duct failure, pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, complete transposition of the great arteries, etc. Depending on the type, the timing of the surgery varies, and it is usually performed within the age of 0 to 10 years.
1. Atrial septal defect: Children with severe defects can be operated at around 1 year of age; for minor defects, surgery can be waited until the child is around 9~10 years old.
2. Ventricular septal defects: The main age range for surgery is between 6 months and 2 years of age. If the pulmonary artery pressure test continues to increase, timely surgery is needed to repair the defect.
3. Arterial ductus arteriosus: small arterial ductus arteriosus is usually asymptomatic and can be considered for surgical treatment at around 1 year of age; large arterial ductus arteriosus, which develops obvious clinical symptoms in infancy, should be given timely surgical treatment.
4. Pulmonary stenosis: children with mild pulmonary stenosis can receive one-stage radical surgery at the age of 5~9 years, and those with obvious symptoms should receive radical surgery within 6 months.
5. Tetralogy of Fallot: Mildly affected children can be considered for one-stage radical surgery at preschool age (i.e., 3-6 years old), but those with obvious clinical symptoms should undergo radical surgery within 6 months after birth.
6. Complete transposition of the great arteries: radical surgery can be performed within 2 weeks after birth for those with an intact ventricular septum, and within 6 months for those with defects. Physiologic corrective surgery can be performed within 1 to 12 months after birth.
In summary, pediatric congenital heart disease should be timely medical consultation, under the guidance of the doctor to choose the appropriate time of treatment.