Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with cavities in the lungs generally have a long history of the disease. If the sputum is positive for antacid bacilli, combined with the patient’s clinical symptoms and imaging, it can be diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, and anti-tuberculosis treatment should be given in a timely manner. In the process of treatment, it is also necessary to review the lung CT regularly to observe the changes of the lesion.