Since hypertension can significantly damage kidney structure and function, all types of antihypertensive drugs can achieve renoprotective effects by controlling blood pressure. The renoprotective effect of antihypertensive drugs in a narrow sense refers to the ability to prevent and improve the occurrence of proteinuria and to delay the decline in glomerular filtration rate. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB, have better therapeutic effect on proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy, and early stage of chronic kidney disease, but are contraindicated in end-stage renal disease. The main pharmacological effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is to inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and reduce the production of angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation, blood volume reduction and blood pressure decrease. The inhibition of bradykinin also reduces the degradation of bradykinin. ACEI drugs are effective for most mild and moderate hypertension, especially for normal renin type and high renin type hypertension. With the effect of improving insulin resistance and reducing urinary protein, they have better efficacy in hypertensive patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus and organ damage such as heart and kidney, especially for patients with chronic heart failure, post-myocardial infarction with cardiac insufficiency, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes mellitus and proteinuria. The main pharmacological effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers is to block angiotensin receptors and lower blood pressure by blocking their vasoconstrictor effect. Angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs all end with the word sartan, and those commonly used in clinical practice include Crosartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan and Olmesartan. Angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs are particularly suitable for the prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and in patients with diabetic nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and microalbuminuria or proteinuria. In conclusion, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers have a better effect on renal protection.