There is a disease that is increasingly attracting the attention of modern medicine: polycystic ovary syndrome. According to research, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome is about 5-10%. It is a common gynecologic endocrine disorder that starts in adolescence. The main features of the disease include anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovarian changes, and the prevalence of insulin resistance. What is insulin resistance? Insulin is a hormone that promotes the utilization of glucose in the body’s blood and is also an important hormone for maintaining blood glucose levels within the normal range; when the body’s tissues become insensitive to the effects of insulin, that is, when normal levels of insulin do not work as they should, it is called insulin resistance. When insulin resistance is in the compensatory phase, the pancreas overcomes the impaired glucose utilization by secreting more insulin, resulting in hyperinsulinemia. When insulin resistance is in the stage of loss of compensation, the impaired glucose utilization in the blood gradually appears, manifesting as hyperglycemia and urine glucose, and then the stage of diabetes is reached. On the other hand, hyperinsulinemia can promote the secretion of ovarian androgens, resulting in hyperandrogenemia; the effect of hyperandrogenism causes acne, excessive oil secretion, and even “beard” on the face; in addition, hyperinsulinism also works synergistically with hyperandrogenism to inhibit follicle growth, aggravate ovulation dysfunction, and lead to menstrual disorders. The small, non-growing follicles are arranged one by one on the periphery of the ovaries, resulting in the “polycystic ovaries” seen on ultrasound images, hence the name of the disease. In addition, abnormal insulin secretion and disturbance of blood glucose metabolism cause abnormal fat mobilization, resulting in fat accumulation and obesity. For these reasons, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome need not only to correct menstrual disorders, reduce high androgen levels and control body weight, but also to improve insulin sensitivity, correct insulin resistance and prevent the development of diabetes. The diagnosis and treatment is needed at the stage of insulin resistance substitution – hyperinsulinemia. So, what kind of girls are at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome? Girls with high risk factors should be alerted, such as those with a family history of diabetes and hypertension, and those with signs of androgen excess, such as severe acne on the face, severe oily skin that cannot be clearly explained by a dermatologist, and girls with “beards”; and irregular menstrual cycles, with high and low menstrual flow; especially if these conditions are accompanied by In particular, girls with obesity are recommended to consult the gynecological endocrinology department. Firstly, blood pressure, weight, height and waist and abdominal circumference will be measured. Secondly, blood hormone, insulin and blood glucose level tests will be performed. Finally, ultrasound is performed to measure ovarian volume and the number of sinus follicles. These tests are best performed on the 3rd to 7th day of menstruation, but can be performed on any day if the patient has irregular menstruation or amenorrhea. If all the above tests are normal, polycystic ovary syndrome can be basically excluded. How to prevent the occurrence of diabetes? –Lifestyle modification and medication control “Keep your mouth shut” – control your diet It is important to know that the onset of polycystic ovary syndrome is closely related to lifestyle habits. Therefore, diet modification is the first-line treatment option for polycystic ovary syndrome! Diet control emphasizes the control of total daily energy intake and the distribution of diet structure. It is important to consume the right amount of calories so that the body does not accumulate surplus energy and convert it into fat. So how do we know how much we should eat each day? First of all, we know that food provides energy for the body’s necessary daily activities, and through modern nutrition research, the energy provided by each food can be quantified. For example, a search on the Internet shows that two taels of potatoes provide 90kcal, and a person usually needs 30-35kcal/kg of energy a day, so a 50kg girl should consume 1500-1650kcal of energy a day. The structure of the diet is distributed according to low fat, low sugar and high protein. Of course, if the patient has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, the hospital will issue a detailed dietary prescription to help the patient control her diet for the purpose of weight control. ”Exercises that can burn energy mainly include aerobic metabolic exercises, such as jogging, quantitative walking, cycling, tennis, climbing, rhythmic exercises, aerobics and so on. When exercising, the intensity of exercise with a self-sensing pulse of about 140 times/min is the best state. The accumulated exercise time per week should preferably reach 3~5 hours, which can be divided into 1~2 times a week or accumulated in half an hour of exercise per day. Finally, medication control If lifestyle adjustment does not work well or if the patient has difficulty accepting the new lifestyle, then taking medication to control insulin is necessary. Some patients with polycystic ovary syndrome need to take medications to improve insulin resistance status, lower insulin levels and prevent the development of diabetes. Commonly used medications are insulin sensitizers, which need to be prescribed by a specialized endocrinologist. Because most adolescent patients have not yet entered the diabetic stage, few patients need insulin to control their blood sugar.