Many people confuse polycystic ovaries with polycystic ovary syndrome, causing tension in some patients. Polycystic ovaries are just a group of ultrasound manifestations and are not necessarily pathological. In 2003, European and American reproductive medicine experts in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, established new global unified diagnostic criteria for PCOS: (1) sporadic ovulation or anovulation. (ii) Clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenemia. The diagnosis of PCOS can be made after exclusion of other causes of hyperandrogenemia in two of the polycystic ovaries. The clinical manifestations can be: i. Persistent anovulation: it can manifest as scanty menstruation, amenorrhea, excessive menstrual flow or irregular vaginal bleeding, infertility, and some recurrent miscarriages are also associated with PCOS. ii. Some repeat miscarriages are also associated with PCOS. iii. metabolic disorders: obesity is the main manifestation. A small number of patients have acanthosis nigricans. Bilateral ovarian enlargement: found by gynecological examination and confirmed by ultrasound. Reproductive hormone changes: ① increased androgen (testosterone, DHEA, DHEA-S and androstenedione) levels; ② progesterone levels are always at early follicular levels; ③ increased LH and LH/FSH ratio; ④ estrone/estradiol ratio R1; ⑤ prolactin levels are mildly increased in 1/3 of patients. The interstitial area in the center of the ovary was increased, with enhanced echogenicity. The uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) increased and the resistance index (RI) of the ovarian artery decreased. VII. Insulin resistance: decreased oral or intravenous glucose tolerance, increased insulin levels, and increased HOMA index.