Treatment of epilepsy is based on medication, and for some refractory epilepsy, surgery can be considered. There are the following principles of medication: i. Determine the need for medication. For those with more than 2 seizures within 6 months, medication should be used as soon as the diagnosis is made. ii. Select the appropriate medication according to the type of epilepsy. For example, for adults with partial seizures, carbamazepine can be used; for children with partial seizures, oxcarbazepine can be used; for adults with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, sodium valproate or lamotrigine can be used; for children with atonic seizures, lamotrigine, sodium valproate or ethosuximide can be used. Third, it is necessary to closely observe the adverse reactions after medication, and adjust the medication if necessary. If the seizures cannot be controlled by single medication or if there are more than two kinds of seizures, combination therapy can be considered. If the seizures are not controlled by a single medication, or if there are more than two seizures, a combination therapy can be considered. Surgical treatment is only applicable to a small proportion of patients with refractory epilepsy, and commonly used methods include temporal lobectomy, resection of epileptic foci, and corpus callosotomy.