We proposed and successfully conducted the first international study of neural stem cell transplantation for temporal lobe epilepsy with funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. While previous surgical treatments for drug-refractory intractable epilepsy were excisional approaches, we proposed and successfully validated the first prosthetics approach to treat epilepsy. The study was communicated at international conferences and awarded by the President of the International League Against Epilepsy, and was reported in the Health News of the Ministry of Health of China. Currently, the study is still in progress. We firmly believe that stem cell transplantation for drug-refractory intractable epilepsy will become a new surgical treatment for epilepsy patients worldwide in the near future.