Esophagogastric fundic variceal bleeding is the most common complication of cirrhosis, and some studies have found that prophylactic use of antimicrobial drugs in patients with variceal bleeding can reduce the risk of early rebleeding and infection rate, thus increasing survival. Reasons why patients with esophagogastric fundic variceal bleeding are prone to infection: 1, increased intestinal permeability is one of the causative factors of infection, in patients with cirrhosis, NO overproduction impairs the permeability of the intestinal epithelium, and low blood volume can inhibit reticuloendothelial cell function and increase the permeability of the barrier of the intestinal mucosa to cells. 2, increased bacterial translocation, after cirrhosis gastrointestinal bleeding, the PH value in the intestine is changed, which disrupts the microecological balance, making the intestinal bacteria overgrow, intestinal flora displacement and dysbiosis. 3, cirrhosis combined with gastrointestinal bleeding patients are heavier, the body resistance is low, invasive diagnosis and treatment operations are easy to cause infection. Infection-induced bleeding and rebleeding mechanism: 1, intestinal bacterial overproliferation, bacteria and their products such as endotoxin can change the hemodynamics of body circulation and visceral circulation, which further deteriorate the coagulation function and eventually lead to rupture and bleeding. 2. In some cases, increased cough and sputum after pulmonary infection can also cause a rise in abdominal pressure, resulting in ruptured bleeding from varicose veins. After abdominal infection, ascites increases significantly and the rise of abdominal pressure leads to the increase of portal pressure. Therefore, prophylactic application of antibacterial drugs is necessary in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. According to the 2007 American College of Hepatology guidelines for the management of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis, oral norfloxacin 400 mg twice/day or intravenous ciprofloxacin is recommended (for those who cannot take oral administration). Ceftriaxone (1g/day) is more effective in the treatment of progressive cirrhosis, especially in medical centers where patients often have bacterial infections with quinolones. Currently, major domestic and international guidelines recommend quinolones as the first choice, but also cephalosporins as an antibacterial drug as well. It is important to note that quinolones are applied at the original therapeutic dose in patients with hepatic decompensation infection. Most cephalosporins are mainly excreted by the kidneys, and cefoperazone and ceftriaxone may require dose adjustment in cases of moderate or above hepatic decompensation.