How is infrapatellar fat pad damage (infrapatellar fat pad inflammation) diagnosed and treated?

       Subpatellar fat pad damage is a clinical syndrome in which aseptic inflammation occurs due to chronic damage to the subpatellar fat pad, causing anterior knee pain and knee joint dysfunction.  The infrapatellar fat pad is a triangular-shaped block of fatty tissue located in the vertebral space behind the patella, lower anterior femoral condyle, anterior superior tibial edge and patellar ligament, which has the function of strengthening the knee joint stability and reducing friction.  When knee hyperextension injury, fat pad compression, or repeated and repeated cumulative injuries (e.g., athletes, tricycle workers, porters, etc.), etc., the infrapatellar fat pad can become congested, swollen, hypertrophied, and have a sterile inflammatory response, resulting in pain. In addition, knee instability, knee synovitis, patellar tenderness, osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., can all cause fat pad inflammation secondary to patellar joint instability.  Clinical manifestations The disease mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and most of them have a history of knee hyperextension injury or cumulative injury. The disease starts slowly, with early manifestations of knee discomfort, coldness and vague pain, joint instability, easy to fall when moving, sometimes light and sometimes heavy; finally it can develop into persistent anterior knee pain, especially when going up and down stairs, radiating to the N fossa, and even along the back of the calf muscle to the heel, and in severe cases the patient has difficulty squatting and cannot flex and extend the knee.  Physical examination shows fullness at the knee eye socket, and deep pressure pain in the patellar ligament or positive patellar friction test. Knee x-ray has no abnormal performance, but has differential diagnostic value.  Treatment 1, general treatment rest, massage, local heat, acupuncture, oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, etc., can effectively control and relieve the condition.  2.Subpatellar block therapy can effectively eliminate inflammation, improve local circulation and metabolism, prevent or loosen adhesions, and eliminate pain. The method is: the patient takes a supine position, straightens the affected limb, relaxes the quadriceps muscle as much as possible, enters the needle from the tip of the patella or both edges of the patella, when there is severe pain, it means that the tip of the puncture needle has reached the infrapatellar fat pad, after sucking back no blood and joint fluid, fan-shaped injection of 0.5% to 1% lidocaine, vitamin B12, glucocorticoid mixture 5-8 ml. once a week, 3 to 5 times for a course of treatment.  3.Clinical experience shows that water acupuncture treatment has better efficacy.  4, surgical treatment for patients with serious lesions or fat pad has contracture degeneration and by conservative treatment is not effective, feasible subpatellar fat pad release surgery.