Objective To explore the surgical method of arthroscopic-assisted treatment of traumatic patellar dislocation and to evaluate its therapeutic effect. Methods From October 2009 to October 2012, 16 cases of traumatic patellar dislocation were treated with arthroscopy, including 10 male cases, 6 female cases, and 12 cases of recurrent patellar dislocation. Preoperative imaging examinations such as X-ray, three-dimensional CT, and MR were performed to assess the morphological variation and damage of patellofemoral joints, and the intra-articular injuries were examined by knee arthroscopy to remove the intra-articular blood, free cartilage, and bone fragments, and the coexisting intra-articular structural injuries such as meniscus were treated afterwards. After the first arthroscopic examination, the intra-articular injury was treated, and blood, free cartilage and bone fragments were removed from the joint, and the coexisting intra-articular structures such as meniscus were treated, and then the arthroscopic operation was completed by releasing the lateral patellar supportive band. The medial patella and infrapatellar pole cartilage damage and medial support band damage can be observed clearly under the microscope. After microscopic examination, a 2.5-3cm curved incision was made in the medial infrapatellar area to reveal the medial patellar tear structure (medial patellar support band and patellofemoral ligament), and two anchors with sutures were placed into the medial edge of the patella to fix the medial patellar stabilizing structure, avoiding point repair, and then assisting in the postoperative external fixation of a hinged knee joint brace for functional exercise. The knee flexion could reach 90 degrees after 4 weeks. Results The average follow-up was 12.6 months (6-26 months), no patellar re-dislocation after surgery, no obvious limitation of knee flexion and extension motion, excellent knee Lysholm score, no patellar popping and instability, and resumption of daily life and work. Conclusion: Arthroscopy-assisted treatment of traumatic patellar dislocation can be performed by microscopic examination and treatment of intra-articular lesions, removal of intra-articular free osteochondral fragments, and at the same time, loosening the lateral patellar support band, assisting in repairing the medial patellar structure through small incisions and using suture anchors with threads, which is a simple and easy-to-operate method, reliable and easy to popularize.