In general, painful oculomotor palsy, known as painful ophthalmoplegia, is a syndrome of nonspecific chronic inflammation of the cavernous sinus and its adjacent tissues, with unilateral periorbital pain and ocular dyskinesia and involvement of the cerebral nerves, including the trigeminal nerve. The etiology of this disease is not fully understood, and most opinions believe that painful ocular muscle paralysis is a local nonspecific inflammatory response caused by the stimulation of a variety of related diseases. Patients often have a history of localized cold exposure, followed by a variety of manifestations including posterior eye pain, ocular muscle palsy, and diplopia. In addition, it is recommended that patients suffering from painful ocular muscle paralysis go to the hospital in a timely manner, and follow the doctor’s instructions to actively carry out treatment to avoid delaying the condition.