The main causative agent of aspiration lung abscess is anaerobic bacteria, which is mainly characterized by foul odor in the sputum, and can also be combined with Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci infections. If the patient is diagnosed with lung abscess, antibiotic treatment is preferred and the antibiotics should cover anaerobic bacteria, such as penicillin, metronidazole, ornidazole, clindamycin, lincomycin, etc. Meanwhile, the examination of sputum culture can be improved and the antibiotics can be changed according to the test of drug sensitivity results. In addition to antibiotic treatment, attention should be paid to the drainage of sputum, including postural drainage and the use of expectorant drugs, such as amiloride, eucalyptus, acetylcysteine, etc. If necessary, interventional or surgical treatments can be considered. It is also recommended to eat more green vegetables and fruits to improve the immunity of the patient’s body and promote the recovery of the disease.