Falls are the fourth leading cause of injury death in this country and the leading cause among people over 65 years of age. Approximately 30% of people over the age of 65 experience a fall each year. Once the elderly fall can cause many adverse consequences, such as fractures, especially hip fractures are most common, followed by skin abrasions, soft tissue injuries, concussions, brain contusions, bruises or open injuries, joint injuries, etc., and can even cause more serious consequences such as cerebral hemorrhage, which can eventually lead to the death of the elderly, and more often lead to various physical disabilities of the elderly who have fallen. Causes of falls in the elderly Self-imposed factors: 1, physiological factors. Older people’s slow reaction, unstable walking, balance disorders, aging of bones and joints are common causes of falls. 2, disease factors. Many common diseases in the elderly can lead to the occurrence of falls in the elderly. Such as diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular accidents, osteoporosis, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, can cause sudden falls. Eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma and other causes of vision loss are likely to cause falls. 3. Psychological factors. Some elderly people have strong and stubborn personalities and are often reluctant to accept help from others, which leads to neglecting the various risk factors for falls. Some elderly people, especially those who have fallen before, will be more afraid of falling, walking more carefully, not walking as much as possible, which in turn loses the opportunity to exercise, and in the long run the muscle strength and coordination ability decreases, increasing the risk of falls. External causes: 1. Social factors. The elderly do not have a special escort or the escort is not protected in an appropriate manner is the main social factors leading to falls. 2.Environmental factors. The living environment is the first cause of falls in the elderly, and the elderly are prone to falls due to their reduced ability to adapt to environmental changes and poor natural environment. Dim lighting, unfamiliar environment, slippery ground or obstacles, inappropriate toilets, bathroom without rails and handles, stair steps, etc. may increase the risk of falls, and inappropriate shoes and walking aids can also lead to falls. 3. Drug factors. Elderly patients who take long-term antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, antidepressants, etc., may have side effects such as hypoglycemia and hypotension after taking the drugs, and the side effects of the drugs may also cause the elderly patients to have decreased balance, unstable gait, visual impairment, and slower reaction, which may lead to falls. Prevention of falls in the elderly is the most important thing you can do right away to prevent falls at home: 1. Reduce the things in your home that affect your movement, which are the things that cause most falls to happen. Start by thinking about potential hazards in every room of the house, including hallways and floors. 2. Find another place to put books, shoes and other things on the floor. Roll up cords or tie up ropes that cannot be scattered on the path. Rearrange furniture to leave a clear path, and be sure to ask for help when moving furniture. 3. Remove the carpet or use double-sided tape to stick to the floor to prevent slipping. Repair the floor and carpet, or replace the floor with a non-slip rubber tread. Floor replaced with non-slip rubber mats or adhesive strips, install handrails. 4. Replace light bulbs; use automatic control lighting for lights on the way to the bathroom or kitchen, and install additional lamps where more light needs to be used. Exercise and rehabilitation to prevent falls: 1, strengthen balance and motor control exercise measures including walking training, balance training, can effectively improve balance function. Next, agility and visual training are also effective for fall prevention. In addition, motor control training, spatial position awareness training and brain cognitive function training under the guidance of professional rehabilitation personnel are effective in stroke patients’ fall prevention. High-frequency tai chi training can improve balance and flexibility, reduce the fear of falling, improve self-confidence and reduce the incidence of falls. Proper treatment after a fall Once an elderly person is found to have fallen, do not rush to pick them up, if they are conscious, take the following measures: 1. If there is obvious trauma or bleeding, immediately stop the bleeding, bandage, if you need to move, ensure smoothness, lie down as much as possible, call the emergency number or the police, notify their families, and if necessary, escort the elderly to the hospital for further treatment. 2, ask or check whether there is lumbar, back pain, abnormal movement and sensation of legs and incontinence and other lumbar spine damage, if there is no relevant expertise, do not move casually, so as not to aggravate the condition, immediately call the emergency number. 4.If the old man tries to stand up by himself, he can assist the old man to stand up slowly, sit or lie down to rest and observe, and only leave after confirming that he is okay. It is recommended that when helping an elderly stranger, please pay attention to whether there is a third person present or call the police in time to avoid unnecessary trouble.