Finger (toe) bone infarction is one of the symptoms of sickle cell anemia (crescentcellanaemia, sickle-cellanemia), a hereditary blood disorder, which can also become a pure-hybrid sickle cell disease, with clinical manifestations of varying degrees of hemolytic anemia and mild jaundice. Vascular occlusive crisis is its prominent manifestation, often with severe pain at the trunk and extremities, including visceral, bone, joint and muscle pain, especially metacarpal, epiphyseal and phalangeal (toe) infarcts are common, with infection, dehydration, hypoxia and acidosis as its triggers. Infection, dehydration, hypoxia and acidosis are the causes. Visceral and cerebrovascular infarcts present with corresponding signs and symptoms. If both spouses are carriers of the sickle cell anemia gene, their children are 25% more likely to have severe sickle cell anemia and 50% more likely to have mild sickle cell anemia. Currently, 50 million people worldwide are at risk for sickle cell anemia. In Africa alone, 300,000 newborns are carriers of the sickle cell anemia gene each year, and 50% of them die before the age of 5. Finger (toe) swelling refers to an increase in size of the tissue due to inflammation or bruising and congestion. Brittle atrophy of the finger (toe) nail is a clinical manifestation of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism often have rough skin, hyperpigmentation, hair loss, brittle and atrophic finger (toe) nails, and even loss of nails; cataracts may occur in the lens of the eye. The genetic diagnosis of sickle cell anemia can be made by PCR-restriction endonuclease profiling, in which PCR is first used to amplify a fragment of the bead protein gene containing the mutation site from the patient’s genomic DNA, then the appropriate restriction endonuclease is selected to hydrolyze the PCR product, and a judgment is made based on the number and size of the fragment on the electrophoretic profile of the cleaved product. Southern blot hybridization analysis can also be performed with a purposeful oligonucleotide probe, and judgments are made based on the hybridization profile. Symptoms of the disease include depression and shortness of breath, signs of jaundice, and severe pain in the bones and chest or abdomen due to obstruction of narrow blood vessels. Dehydration, colds or severe infections are more likely to trigger the aforementioned symptoms. Children with sickle cell anemia are more likely to have diplococcal pneumonia. Sometimes there is also a lack of blood supply to the kidneys, spleen or brain, which can cause damage to these organs.