Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecologic endocrine disorder with a complex etiology and a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity. Its main features are abnormal menstruation, androgen excess and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of PCOS is very complex, and as the research on PCOS continues, people gradually realize that PCOS is not simply a disease of women of childbearing age, but its harm is far from being limited to the reproductive system and childbearing age, but continues throughout a woman’s life, from the fetal period (intrauterine hyperandrogenism and intrauterine fetal growth retardation), childhood (premature adrenocortical function, precocious puberty), adolescence, childbearing age ( menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, infertility, increased incidence of endometrial cancer) and into old age (increased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease). Overweight and obese girls have a higher rate of PCOS by adolescence. Previously, the diagnosis and follow-up of PCOS focused on abnormalities in reproductive function, but now, more and more attention is being paid to the development of PCOS in obese children and adolescents and the resulting metabolic disorders and long-term health risks (insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia).