Bacterial pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lungs caused by common pathogens, mainly due to the patient’s decreased immune function and environmental pollution.1. Self-factors are common in states of low immune function, such as alcohol consumption, exertion, and cold conditions, leading to a decrease in respiratory immune function and bacterial pneumonia.2. In addition, elderly people can suffer from aspiration by mistake, choking and coughing when eating, food or secretions choking and coughing into the respiratory tract causing aspiration pneumonia; 3. Environmental factors are mainly environmental pollution that aggravates the spread of pathogens in the air and induces disease. To prevent bacterial pneumonia, avoid going to crowded places and enhance physical fitness with regular physical exercise. Elderly patients with a history of aspiration pay attention to strengthening respiratory and oral care to avoid food aspiration leading to aspiration pneumonia.