Breast cancer is a tumor that has a high incidence in women today and often requires surgery to remove part or all of the breast tissue to achieve a radical cure. As a result, a large area of tissue loss remains after surgery, which affects women’s body shape and self-confidence and causes great disturbance to their lives. Reconstruction of the breast to achieve bilateral symmetry is one of the routine tasks of plastic surgery. Currently there are three commonly used methods of breast reconstruction: 1, autologous flap transplantation Autologous flap transplantation is the most commonly used method in clinical work, including the latissimus dorsi muscle flap, rectus abdominis muscle flap and related derivatives of the perforator flap, and so on. Among them, the latissimus dorsi muscle flap is widely used for breast reconstruction, and this method has good indications in oriental women with small healthy-side breast volume, featuring less injury and fewer postoperative complications. In the case of breast reconstruction requiring a large amount of autologous tissue, the rectus abdominis muscle flap is needed, and two types of transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap (TRAM) and inferior abdominal wall artery rectus abdominis perforator flap (DIEP) are commonly used. TRAM breast reconstruction is particularly suitable for middle-aged patients with loose abdominal skin and thick fat, with its large tissue volume, good blood flow and simultaneous abdominal wall shaping effect, integrating breast cancer It combines radical treatment of breast cancer, breast reconstruction and abdominal weight loss, and is known as the standard procedure for breast reconstruction in the United States. The DIEP method is a further refinement of the traditional TRAM free muscle flap, which directly separates the vascular tip from the rectus abdominis muscle without removing the rectus abdominis muscle and preserving the anterior sheath, so the postoperative recovery is fast and the hospital stay is short, but the suitability needs to be decided according to the patient’s weight, breast size, the amount of tissue available in the abdomen and the condition of the penetrating vessels. 2.Combination of flap transfer and prosthesis implantation: When the amount of tissue needed for breast reconstruction is large, but the patient cannot accept the surgical trauma of the rectus abdominis flap, autologous flap transfer combined with prosthesis implantation can be used as an alternative method, and the same satisfactory postoperative results can be obtained. 3.Implantation of prosthesis after tissue expansion Whether radiotherapy is needed after breast cancer surgery is an important factor related to tumor recurrence and postoperative reconstruction. Complications of radiotherapy after immediate breast reconstruction include scar contracture after radiotherapy and changes in the shape of the prosthesis. In this case, the use of a phase I implant expander, which is periodically injected with water to expand to a specific volume, avoids postoperative contracture and is more inexpensive. After radiotherapy, second-stage implants or a combination of autologous tissue flap transfer can be used to achieve a satisfactory breast shape. Breast reconstruction has become a part of breast cancer treatment and contributes to the quality of life of breast cancer patients after surgery. Each method has its own indications and complications and requires thorough preoperative communication with the patient to help them understand the surgical approach more fully in order to achieve a satisfactory postoperative outcome.