Many breast cancer patients are faced with the choice between prosthesis and autologous tissue when choosing breast reconstruction surgery. Today, I will analyze the different pros and cons of prosthesis and autologous transplantation for all readers. Prosthesis implantation, autologous tissue transplantation or prosthesis implantation is the application of breast prosthesis implanted into the pectoralis major muscle for breast reconstruction, and the commonly used prosthesis materials include silicone and tissue expander. Implantation is a very mature surgical procedure with the advantages of simple operation, quick surgery, minimal trauma and quick recovery. In foreign countries, the use of implants for breast reconstruction has reached over 60%, perhaps even more so in Asia, and patient satisfaction with the postoperative results is generally high. However, there are also problems with implants, such as discrepancies in shape and results. Silicone gel implants Silicone gel implants are a very mature surgical procedure and silicone gel is currently one of the safest implant materials in the world. High-quality imported silicone gel prosthesis, with similar flexibility and density to normal human tissue, realistic texture; low leakage rate, constant volume. Tissue expander The tissue expander method of breast reconstruction is to expand the breast tissue by using a tissue expander before implanting the prosthesis. If, after mastectomy, the local tissue does not provide enough space to accommodate the desired size of implant, a skin expander can be placed first, and after regular postoperative water injections, the expander can be replaced with a breast implant after another surgery to create enough space. Autologous tissue transplantation is the application of autologous tissues from other parts of the body, such as latissimus dorsi muscle flap, rectus abdominis muscle flap, etc., which are placed into the breast by means of tipped transfer or free transplantation for breast shaping and breast reconstruction. The recovery period for autologous tissue grafting is relatively long, but it has outstanding results such as natural appearance and realistic handfeel. The autologous tissue graft can avoid a series of complications that may be associated with implants, and it has a good texture, is easy to shape, and has a good sense of sagging. It can not only tolerate postoperative radiation therapy, but can also be used for patients who have undergone radiation therapy and had extensive excision due to recurrence. The latissimus dorsi flap is a less invasive transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle and tissue from the ipsilateral side of the affected breast to the breast area. In patients with well-developed latissimus dorsi muscle, the size of the breast shaped by the flap transfer is close to that of the contralateral breast and the result is more desirable. For those with weak latissimus dorsi muscle, implantation is needed to achieve symmetry with the contralateral breast. Rectus abdominis flap The rectus abdominis flap transfer, which transfers the thicker tissues from the stomach to the breast area, can be done without the addition of implants, and the reconstructed breast can be proportional to the size of the contralateral breast, which solves the problem of losing the patient’s breast and also eliminates the distress of the abdominal fat. In summary, there are advantages and disadvantages to both implants and autologous tissue transplants, and different materials are suitable for different patients. When doctors recommend patients to undergo breast reconstruction, they will also provide patients with suitable options for reconstruction based on their physical condition, contralateral breast information (size, shape, etc.), personal wishes, and financial affordability. Patients can make a decision after actively communicating with their doctors.