Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common gynecological endocrine disease with a prevalence of 5%-10% in Chinese women. Patients mainly present with irregular menstruation such as scanty menstruation, amenorrhea and disorders, and hyperandrogenic manifestations such as acne and hirsutism, and overweight and obesity are also common. Many patients have prolonged menstrual cycles during adolescence, but they mistakenly think that it is a “normal physiological phenomenon” during adolescence and do not seek medical attention until they have difficulty getting pregnant after marriage. After 3-6 months of comprehensive treatment, including weight control, menstrual cycle adjustment, androgen reduction, treatment of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, etc., and the use of ovulation-promoting drugs under medical supervision, most patients can successfully conceive, and only a few need artificial insemination or IVF to help them conceive. During infertility treatment, patients will actively cooperate with doctors to control their diet and exercise actively, and once they are pregnant, they will be free to eat and drink freely, and it is common to gain 40-50 pounds during one pregnancy. After giving birth to a baby and breastfeeding, the elderly in the family keep telling her that she needs to eat more to replenish her body and produce milk, so she is still gaining weight without realizing it. The question is, do patients with polycystic ovary syndrome still need treatment after having a baby? 1. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a chronic anovulatory disease caused by endocrine disorders, and the disruption of the menstrual cycle is caused by anovulation. The endometrium is affected by estrogen and progesterone during the normal menstrual cycle. Before ovulation, the follicles produce estrogen to stimulate the endometrium to thicken, and after ovulation, the corpus luteum of the ovary secretes estrogen and progesterone at the same time, and progesterone transforms the endometrium into a secretory phase change. Progesterone plays a protective role for the endometrium, on the one hand avoiding excessive proliferation of the endometrium, on the other hand converting the endometrium into the secretory phase, which helps the endometrium to peel off completely during menstruation. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are unable to ovulate normally because of ovulatory dysfunction, and the endometrium is overproliferated by the long-term effect of estrogen, which significantly increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. It is important to note that polycystic ovary syndrome is not completely unable to menstruate on its own, and many patients show sporadic menstruation with 2-3 months of menstrual flow. For gynecologic endocrinologists, menstruation and ovulation do not exactly correspond to each other. Many patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have anovulatory menstrual cycles, where the endometrium lacks protection from progesterone and may still experience all of the above mentioned conditions. Some patients have misconceptions about hormonal cycle therapy and may not go to the hospital even if they do not have a period for 3 months or even 6 months or a year, which puts the endometrium at an even higher “risk”. Therefore, even if they do not have fertility requirements, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome need to have regular follow-ups and control their menstrual cycle with progestins or short-acting oral contraceptives under the guidance of doctors to protect the endometrium. 2. In addition to endocrine disorders, it is clinically found that a significant proportion of patients have a combination of different degrees of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, impaired fasting glucose and/or abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome need to be screened and treated for abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism along with menstrual adjustment. Overweight and obese patients are not uncommon in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obesity can aggravate the endocrine hormone disorder in patients, causing a vicious cycle. As mentioned above, some patients do not pay attention to weight control during pregnancy and postpartum, and their postpartum weight increases by 10-20 pounds compared to pre-pregnancy, which can further aggravate endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. The first treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome combined with metabolic abnormalities is not medication, but lifestyle modification: including weight and body fat reduction, diet modification and exercise, which is the most important basic treatment and especially easy to be ignored by doctors and patients. Studies have shown that reducing 7-12% of body weight can reduce centrally distributed fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and improve glucose tolerance, while inhibiting ovarian androgen production can alter or reduce symptoms such as menstrual disorders, hirsutism, and acne, with 80% of patients experiencing improved menstrual cycles and restoration of spontaneous ovulation. Lowering body weight to a normal range reduces the risk of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. On the basis of lifestyle modification, doctors give relevant medications according to the type of metabolic degree of the patient, commonly used drugs such as metformin, pioglitazone and acarbose. Only if patients are fully aware of the threat of obesity and metabolic abnormalities to their health, adhere to a reasonable and regular lifestyle, and control their diet and weight during pregnancy and prenatal period, can they achieve good treatment results. It can be said without exaggeration that lifestyle modifications benefit the whole life and are crucial to prevent long term complications. In summary, PCOS is a disease that affects women’s health throughout their lives. The management of menstrual disorders and infertility in reproductive age PCOS often attracts attention, while the management of adolescent and postpartum women is easily overlooked by patients or physicians. Anovulation tends to cause endometriosis, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, having a baby is the “first half of life” and preventing long-term complications is the “second half of life”, and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome is still needed after having a baby.