Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and according to WHO, about 46.9% of NPC occurs in China. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China has obvious epidemiological features: geographical aggregation, with a trend of high in the south and low in the north, with high incidence in South China and Southwest provinces; racial susceptibility, with high incidence in Mongolian race among the four major ethnic groups in the world, as well as certain family tendency of high incidence. Diagnosis: The clinical manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be summarized into seven major symptoms: nasal congestion, bloody nose, tinnitus, deafness, headache, facial numbness, diplopia and three major signs: nasopharyngeal mass, neck mass and cranial nerve palsy symptoms. 1.Nasal symptoms: Early on, blood in the aspirated snot or blood in the blown nose may appear; sometimes or not. Intermittent, progressive, and then persistent nasal congestion; unilateral, and then bilateral nasal blockage. 2.Ear symptoms: Some nasopharyngeal carcinoma may show tinnitus, ear occlusion and hearing loss on one side in the early stage, and sometimes it is easily misdiagnosed as secretory otitis media. 3. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck: 60% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have swollen lymph nodes in the neck as the first symptom, which starts unilaterally and later develops into bilateral. Therefore, once the lumps in the neck are found, they should be noticed. 4. Cerebral nerve symptoms: Tumors occurring in the nasopharyngeal saphenous fossa may damage the cerebral nerves by destroying the skull base, resulting in symptoms such as migraine, facial numbness, pain, diplopia, ptosis and vision loss (V, VI, II, III, IV damage to cerebral nerves); or symptoms such as soft palate paralysis, choking on food, hoarseness and tongue extension and deviation (IX, X and D damage to cerebral nerves). The appearance of cerebral nerve symptoms is usually no longer in the early stage. Because of the hidden anatomical location of nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal cancer may be asymptomatic or atypical in the early stage, and may be detected only during routine physical examination or screening, or may not be detected until the metastasis of cervical lymph nodes, which may delay the diagnosis clinically, therefore, when the above-mentioned symptoms and signs appear, special vigilance should be raised and timely consultation and examination should be conducted. Anyone with five sensory symptoms or headache, neck lumps or significantly higher EBV antibody titers, especially EA-IgA titers, or those from areas with high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer or with family history of nasopharyngeal cancer should undergo a series of clinical examinations such as nasopharyngoscopy, imaging and pathology in order to confirm the diagnosis, understand the scope of lesions, provide a basis for clinical staging and plan treatment plans, and also serve as a benchmark for future efficacy determination and follow-up. Treatment: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is very sensitive to radiotherapy. Currently, radiation therapy or radiotherapy-based combination therapy is the recognized and effective curative treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to NCCN 2020 guidelines, radiotherapy alone is mostly used for early stage, i.e. stage I nasopharyngeal carcinoma, while the best treatment modality for localized intermediate and advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma above stage II is still controversial, including the use of simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) is recommended for radiotherapy. With the advances in medical technology in recent years, especially IMRT becoming the main technique of radiotherapy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma can benefit significantly from IMRT, with a significant increase in local control rates, as well as a reduction in acute and late complications. With the development of molecular targeted drug technology and immunotherapy technology represented by PD-1/PD-L1, the local control rate and survival rate of nasopharyngeal cancer, have been significantly improved. When residual or recurrent cases are eligible for surgical treatment, surgical salvage can achieve better clinical results. Prognosis: There are numerous factors that determine the prognosis of treatment: 1. Patient-related factors age (<40 years vs ≥40 years), gender (female vs male), and ethnicity (Asian vs non-Asian), are all considered to be related to prognosis. 2.Disease-related factors T and N stages, pathological type, tumor volume, skull base and cranial nerve invasion, and prevertebral space invasion are prognostic factors affecting radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 3. Treatment-related factors such as the mode of radiotherapy, total dose, chemotherapy or not, and the use of targeted therapy can affect the prognosis. In recent years, the use of immunotherapy has benefited the survival of some patients with recurrence/ distant metastasis, and may significantly prolong the survival period. Molecular biology-related factors such as plasma EBV antibodies and DNA levels, as well as changes in related genes, are significantly associated with the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the past 10 years, data have shown that the efficacy of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has improved significantly. The local control rate of early lesions can reach more than 90%, and after treatment with IMRT, the local control rate increases significantly to more than 80%, and the 5-year overall survival rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be increased to more than 80%.