With the rapid development of medical technology, more and more advanced equipments have been used for the examination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, so what are the examination methods of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? How to perform the examination of nasopharyngeal cancer, the following are the examination methods of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Nasopharyngoscopy (1) Indirect nasopharyngoscopy: It is a simple, fast and effective examination method;.
(2) Fiber nasopharyngoscopy: This method is relatively simple, but the observation of posterior nostril and anterior parietal wall is not satisfactory. The posterior nasal aperture, nasal septum, posterior part of nasal cavity, lateral wall of nasopharynx, eustachian tube, lateral fossa, back and posterior wall of soft palate can be observed.
Local extension of nasopharyngeal cancer often causes brain nerve damage, resulting in various neurological disorders in the head and face.
X-ray examinations are commonly used for nasopharyngeal lateral radiographs and skull base radiographs to understand the extent of tumor and skull base destruction, which are helpful for staging nasopharyngeal cancer, formulating radiation treatment plan, following up patients and evaluating prognosis.
4.Radionuclide bone imaging diagnosis Radionuclide bone imaging diagnosis is a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic method. It is generally believed that the positive rate of bone metastasis diagnosis by bone scan is 30% higher than that by X-ray, and the lesions can be detected 3-6 months earlier.
5.CT examination The application of CT examination for nasopharyngeal cancer can understand the location of tumor in the nasopharyngeal cavity, whether the canal lumen is deformed or asymmetric, and whether the pharyngeal crypt is shallow or occluded. Nasopharyngeal microscopy is of outstanding value in the diagnosis of intracavitary microscopic tumors, which are often not detected by X-ray plain film and CT. However, most of the posterior and lateral wall tumors are submucosal infiltrative growth, which are difficult to be detected by nasopharyngoscopy, but lateral nasopharyngeal film and CT can clearly show them.
6.B-type ultrasonography B-type ultrasonography has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer, which is simple, non-invasive and readily accepted by patients. In cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it is mainly used for examination of liver, neck, retroperitoneum and pelvic lymph nodes to understand whether there are liver metastases, lymph node density and cystic nature.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can clearly show all levels of the skull, cerebral sulcus, cerebral gyrus, gray matter, white matter and ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid ducts and blood vessels. Because MRI determines the tumor boundary more clearly and accurately, it is very useful for radiotherapy irradiation field localization. Meanwhile, MRI examination is very helpful to understand brain damage after radiotherapy.
8.Serological diagnosis Since there are very obvious differences between the level of EBV antibodies in the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignant tumors and healthy people, it can be used as an auxiliary diagnosis method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is mainly used for: 1. those with symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, such as retractable blood stream, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, swollen cervical lymph nodes, facial numbness, diplopia, etc. 2. those with pathological biopsy of swollen cervical lymph nodes or neck block puncture confirmed to be metastatic carcinoma to help find the primary lesion. 3. seroepidemiological screening for people in areas with high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer.
B-type ultrasonography has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is simple, non-invasive and readily accepted by patients. In cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it is mainly used for examination of liver, neck, retroperitoneum and pelvic lymph nodes to understand whether there is liver metastasis and lymph node density, and whether there is cysticity.