Minimally invasive spine surgery is a surgical procedure, also known as precision surgery, that achieves optimal surgical outcomes with minimal invasion and minimal physiological interference without compromising efficacy. Compared to conventional surgery, its most important feature is the minimization of trauma to the human body. Accidental trauma is extremely harmful to the human body and is difficult to avoid. As a planned trauma, the surgeon should strive to minimize the trauma of the surgery, i.e., to achieve the purpose of minimally invasive. Minimally invasive spine surgery refers to minimally invasive techniques and methods of diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases through non-traditional surgical routes and with the help of special surgical instruments, instruments or other means, which involves almost all diseases of spine surgery. Minimally invasive spine surgery is relative to open spine surgery, and its main purpose is to treat spine diseases through various minimally invasive means, in order to achieve the same or better efficacy as open spine surgery, while minimizing the surgical trauma of the patient, promoting early recovery, and reducing the after-effects of the operation. Minimally invasive spine surgery is a sublimation of conventional open surgery.