1.Why tuberculosis patients should pay special attention to spitting up in time
The fact that TB patients are not allowed to spit anywhere does not mean that you should swallow the sputum in your belly instead of spitting it out. Sometimes, TB patients swallow sputum instead of spitting it out when they cough in front of others or in public places, which is an extremely unhygienic habit and particularly dangerous to health. We must not swallow sputum containing a large amount of tuberculosis bacteria into our bellies. When we have sputum, we must immediately spit it out in a spittoon, and in the absence of a spittoon, spit it out in toilet paper and throw it into the trash. Nowadays, there are many public sanitation facilities in cities with spittoons and trash bins. Doing so will not endanger yourself, nor will it pollute the environment and cause harm to others because of spitting.
2.Why TB patients should not spit anywhere
Sputum, the secretion of human respiratory tract, is very little in normal people, just a small amount of mucus secreted to keep the respiratory tract moist. But after the lung disease, such as bronchiectasis, tuberculosis cavity formation, when the lung purulent inflammation, the amount of yellow pus sputum will increase, and it can contain a large number of pathogenic bacteria. If a TB patient spits anywhere, the TB bacilli in the sputum are discharged out of the body and wrapped by dust to form dry particles after the combination of sputum and dust, and normal people inhale dust containing TB bacilli, which may lead to TB infection in the lungs. Once the body’s resistance decreases, tuberculosis can occur in the lungs. In addition, mycobacterium tuberculosis survives for a long time in the dry dust, so spitting is even more harmful.
3, why TB patients must quit smoking
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease, often involving the alveolar parenchyma and interstitial lesions. If you continue to smoke after suffering from tuberculosis, your cough, sputum and hemoptysis will be aggravated on top of the original lesion. In addition, tuberculosis patients smoking can affect the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs; research has shown that smoking can enhance liver enzyme activity, accelerate the metabolism of drugs in the liver, reducing the absorption and utilization of drugs, to the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin, for example: through the liver – intestinal circulation, oral administration of the drug can be rapidly absorbed, the drug concentration in the blood can reach a peak in 2 hours, but smokers increased liver enzyme activity, drug in the liver However, smokers have increased liver enzyme activity and the metabolic process of the drug in the liver is accelerated, thus reducing the blood concentration of the drug by about 30% compared with nonsmokers, which affects the bactericidal efficacy of rifampin. In addition, smoking also affects the healing of tuberculosis lesions, making the already quiescent lesions worse, thus prolonging the treatment time and increasing the dose of the drug, which not only increases the patient’s pain, but also increases the cost of treatment.
4, tuberculosis patients with hemoptysis how to deal with
Once hemoptysis occurs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, they should immediately lie down and be in a lateral position to help keep the airway open. When hemoptysis occurs, do not panic, and do not intentionally hold your breath, as holding your breath does not help stop the bleeding and can easily cause respiratory blockage, but rather try to cough up the blood to prevent asphyxiation. When there is a lot of bleeding, you should send to the hospital or call “120” for assistance in time to prevent massive hemoptysis causing hemorrhagic shock and endangering your life. The blood clots or sputum vomited should be burned in time to avoid family transmission or cross-infection.
5.How to prevent hemoptysis in winter
In the cold winter season, tuberculosis patients should add clothes in time to prevent catching cold. Elderly patients should pay attention to avoid upper respiratory tract infections, drink more water and eat more fruits and vegetables, and supplement vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C in appropriate amounts to protect the respiratory mucosa and enhance local defenses. Smoking and drinking alcohol should be prohibited to avoid stimulating the respiratory tract. The room where you live should be kept with fresh air, suitable temperature and humidity to avoid excessive dryness of the respiratory mucosa. When going out, pay attention to cold and warmth, and wear a mask when walking or cycling into the wind to prevent inhalation of cold air. In addition, we should pay attention to and strengthen the anti-tuberculosis treatment to fundamentally control the tuberculosis disease and prevent recurrence, which can greatly reduce the incidence of tuberculosis hemoptysis.
6.Why tuberculosis patients prevent hemoptysis in winter
Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can usually have a small amount of hemoptysis or blood in sputum, but the amount of blood is not much and usually does not pose a great danger to the patient. However, it should be noted that when winter comes, TB patients, especially elderly patients or those with a long history of disease and poor health, should still be highly alert to complications of hemoptysis. Why is hemoptysis prone to occur in winter due to the cold weather, dry climate and relatively low humidity in the air, which on the one hand can easily cause upper respiratory tract infections in patients, aggravate cough and sputum symptoms, and cause vascular damage or rupture of angiomas due to increased intrapulmonary pressure during each cough, resulting in hemoptysis. On the other hand, in the case of excessive dryness of the respiratory mucosa, the small local blood vessels are easily damaged and dilated by inflammatory stimulation, and once they rupture, bleeding increases, which also causes hemoptysis. The combined effect of these two factors may cause tuberculosis hemoptysis. Patients may experience chest tightness, shortness of breath, itchy throat, cough and other aura, followed by hemoptysis of varying degrees. If there is a lot of bleeding, the patient is often irritable, tense, chest tightness, and cyanosis. Severe hemoptysis can cause hemorrhagic shock or asphyxia due to blockage of the airway by blood clots.
7.Why tuberculosis patients should avoid constipation
For tuberculosis patients with hemoptysis symptoms, after treatment, although hemoptysis stops, special attention should be paid to keep the stool open and avoid constipation, so as to avoid excessive forceful defecation due to constipation, so that the pressure in the chest and abdominal cavity rises suddenly and the blood vessel wall ruptures, thus causing massive hemoptysis. If so, there is a risk that the patient may suffocate due to massive hemoptysis, thus causing danger to the patient and endangering his life. Therefore, patients with tuberculosis, especially those with frequent hemoptysis, should pay attention to keeping their bowels open and avoid excessive fatigue and heavy physical labor to avoid danger.
8, tuberculosis patients how to treat eugenics
Married women who have active tuberculosis should use temporary contraception. Rifampin, streptomycin and other drugs should not be used during pregnancy, and pregnancy in women with tuberculosis is not good for the patient and the fetus. In pregnant women with severe tuberculosis, the fetus may be stunted or stillborn due to lack of oxygen and malnutrition. Tuberculosis can also be transmitted to the fetus through hematogenous dissemination, forming foci of tuberculosis in the placenta and entering the fetus through destruction of the villi. If a patient with severe tuberculosis is pregnant, he should have an abortion and recover his strength as soon as possible after delivery and continue to strengthen the treatment of tuberculosis.
9, tuberculosis patients how to treat love and marriage
In recent years, there is an increasing trend of young people with tuberculosis, which should be taken seriously. Patients in this age group are often involved in schooling, employment, love, marriage and childbirth. Love and marriage are often a concern for young TB patients and can easily cause distress. If there is not yet a love object, before the full recovery should be put aside for the time being, so as to focus on curing the disease, if there is a love object, should tell each other the truth about the disease, the current focus on curing the disease, to be cured of tuberculosis and then consider marriage, generally postponed 1 to 2 years. If you get married in a hurry before the disease is stable, you will encounter a series of problems in the future, such as married life, childbirth, eugenics, household chores, etc., which will adversely affect the treatment.
10.What factors affect pulmonary tuberculosis
Calcification of pulmonary structure lesions is highly age-related. Children and adolescents have a strong calcium and phosphorus metabolism during the period of growing body and bones, so the calcification of pulmonary tuberculosis should be faster and more complete, generally one year to one and a half years. In adults, the process of calcification of pulmonary tuberculosis is slow, often taking several years, and calcification is often inadequate. Calcification of the lesion is one of the forms of TB healing. Some patients ask if taking more cod liver oil and calcium tablets can speed up TB calcification. Cod liver oil is a fat-soluble vitamin AD, and its need with calcium depends mainly on the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. It is not necessary for people with normal nutrition and normal diet to take calcium tablets and cod liver oil frequently.