Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumor patients 1. full clinical history (including past history or past treatment history); 2. corresponding tumor series hematological examination and routine blood examination; 3. imaging examination (in the order of X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI, ECT); 4. necessary heart, lung, liver and kidney function examination; 5. corresponding endoscopic examination; 6. pathological examination; 7. according to the examination results Determine the diagnosis and clinical stage. Chemotherapy indications (i) Adjuvant chemotherapy: i.e. chemotherapy after surgery or radiotherapy for solid tumors. Generally, chemotherapy can be started half a month after surgery and should not be postponed too late, unless the patient is weak or does not have the conditions for chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery should be continued for 2 to 3 years. (ii) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: i.e. chemotherapy given before surgery. Generally, 3 cycles of chemotherapy are given before surgery to reduce the extent of tumor and facilitate surgery, as well as to prevent or remove distant metastases. (iii) Intermediate and advanced tumors that cannot be surgically resected and recurrence of metastasis after surgery. 1.Widespread metastasis, losing the chance of surgery; 2.Recurrence of metastasis after surgery cannot be operated or radiotherapy again, so chemotherapy becomes the main therapy. (iv) Treatment of cancerous plasma cavity effusion Pleural fluid, ascites, pericardial effusion, etc. can be treated by intracavitary chemotherapy to reduce or eradicate the effusion. (v) Hematologic malignancies Hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma, leukemia, etc. are mainly treated with chemotherapy, all of which have good efficacy. (vi) Certain solid tumors Chemotherapy is more effective, such as small cell lung cancer, skin cancer, choriocapillary epithelial cancer, malignant staphyloma, seminomatous cell tumor and ovarian tumor. Selection of patients for radiotherapy There is a definite pathological diagnosis and a thorough understanding of the extent and stage of the lesion. The lesion is limited and there is no metastasis to distant and important organs. The tumor has a certain sensitivity to radiotherapy. The hematopoietic function is basically normal. Radical radiotherapy: Patients who can expect to obtain long-term survival after treatment and achieve tumor elimination through radiotherapy, and whose health is basically restored. In clinical treatment, most of the head and neck tumors, most of the genitourinary system tumors, breast cancer, skin cancer and malignant lymphoma are suitable for radical radiotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy: for advanced tumors or tumors that are not sensitive to radiotherapy, radiotherapy can be used to improve clinical symptoms, relieve pain, hemorrhage and tumor pressure, to reduce pain, inhibit tumor growth and prolong patient’s survival time. Examination and follow up during radiotherapy and chemotherapy The white blood cell, platelet and hematocrit are tested once a week; liver function and kidney function are tested once a month, and if they are abnormal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy will be stopped and treated symptomatically. During the treatment period of 2 years, patients should have a comprehensive examination every three months, such as ultrasound examination of chest, liver, gallbladder and spleen, tumor series measurement, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose and blood test, CT, MR examination and lumpectomy if necessary. ECT examination was performed once every six months. For 2 to 5 years, a comprehensive examination will be performed every six months, and after 5 years, an examination will be performed every six months. Patients with changes follow up and do some specialized examinations, such as fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy/bronchoscopy/enteroscopy, according to the special conditions of patients and different types of diseases.