First, to determine the presence of hypertension: measurement of elevated blood pressure should be measured several times for several consecutive days, with more than two elevations of blood pressure, before it can be called hypertension. Second, identify the cause of hypertension: Any patient encountered with hypertension should have a detailed medical history and a comprehensive systematic examination to exclude symptomatic hypertension. Third, laboratory tests: can help the diagnosis and typing of primary hypertension, understanding the functional status of target organs, but also conducive to the correct choice of drugs in the treatment, blood and urine routine, renal function, uric acid, blood lipids, blood sugar, electrolytes (especially blood potassium), electrocardiography, chest X-ray and fundus examination should be used as a routine examination of patients with hypertension. 1, blood routine: red blood cells and hemoglobin are generally not abnormal, but in acute hypertension there can be Coombs test negative microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, with aberrant red blood cells, high hemoglobin increased blood viscosity, prone to thrombosis complications (including cerebral infarction) and left ventricular hypertrophy. 2, urine routine: early patients with normal urine routine, the specific gravity of urine gradually decreases when the kidney concentration function is impaired, there can be a small amount of urine protein, red blood cells, occasionally see the tubular, with the progression of renal lesions, the amount of urine protein increases, in benign nephrosclerosis, such as 24-hour urine protein in more than 1g, suggesting a poor prognosis, red blood cells and tubular can also increase, tubular is mainly transparent and granular people. 3.Renal function: Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are mostly used to estimate renal function, which is not abnormal in early stage patients, but may start to increase when the renal parenchyma is damaged to a certain degree. Creatinine >114.3μmol/L in adults, and >91.5μmol/L in the elderly and pregnant patients suggest renal damage, and phenol red excretion test, urea profile rate, endogenous creatinine profile rate may be lower than normal. 4, chest X-ray: the aorta is visible, especially the ascending and arch tortuous prolongation, its ascending, arch or descending part can be dilated, there is left ventricular enlargement in the presence of hypertensive heart disease, left ventricular enlargement is more obvious when there is left heart failure, in total heart failure, the left and right ventricles can be enlarged, and there are signs of pulmonary stasis, pulmonary edema is seen between the lungs are obviously congested, butterfly-shaped fuzzy shadow, should be routinely photographed for comparison before and after the examination It should be routinely radiographed to compare before and after examination. 5, electrocardiogram: left ventricular hypertrophy electrocardiogram can show left ventricular hypertrophy or both strain, electrocardiogram diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy of different criteria, but its sensitivity and specificity is not very different, false negative 68% to 77%, false positive 4% to 6%, it can be seen that the sensitivity of electrocardiogram diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy is not very high, because the left ventricular diastolic compliance decreased, left atrial diastolic load increased, electrocardiogram can The above-mentioned manifestations may even appear before the electrocardiogram detects left ventricular hypertrophy, and there may be arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions. 6, echocardiography: At present, it is believed that echocardiography is the most sensitive and reliable means to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy compared with chest X-ray and electrocardiogram, and the M-shaped echocardiographic curve can be recorded on the basis of two-dimensional echolocation or measured directly from the two-dimensional map. In hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy is mostly symmetrical, but about 1/3 of it is mainly septal hypertrophy (septal and posterior left ventricular wall thickness ratio >1.3), and septal hypertrophy often appears superiorly first, suggesting that the left ventricular outflow tract is affected first in hypertension. In the early stage of left ventricular hypertrophy, although the overall function of the heart, such as cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction, is still normal, there is already a decrease in systolic and diastolic compliance, such as a decrease in the maximum rate of myocardial contraction (Vmax), prolonged isovolumic diastolic phase, and delayed mitral valve opening. 7. Fundus examination: measurement of central retinal artery pressure can be seen to increase. The following fundus changes can be seen at different stages of disease development: Grade I: retinal artery spasm. Grade IIA: Mild sclerosis of retinal arteries. Grade IIB: Significant sclerosis of retinal arteries. Grade III: Grade II plus retinopathy (hemorrhage or exudate). Grade IV: Grade III plus optic nerve papillary edema (viii) Other tests: Patients may have increased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, increased LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol, and decreased Apo A-Ⅰ, and often have increased blood glucose and hyperuricemia, and some patients have increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels.