Recently, the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Department of our hospital successfully performed heart valve replacement for an elderly patient with rheumatic heart disease and has been discharged from the hospital. Aunt Liang, aged 61, who lives in Sanyuanli, Guangzhou, was admitted to the Cardiovascular Medicine Department of our hospital on November 27, 2013 due to “recurrent palpitations and shortness of breath”, and was diagnosed with “rheumatic heart disease: severe mitral stenosis and incomplete closure, atrial fibrillation, cardiac function class III “After consultation with Xie Cuixian, deputy director of our cardiothoracic vascular surgery department, it was deemed necessary to perform surgery in a timely manner, so she was transferred to the cardiothoracic vascular surgery department. Aunt Liang and her family were very nervous at first and sent red envelopes to Deputy Director Xie Cuixian several times, so Director Xie personally and patiently explained the condition to them, eliminated their worries, and gave her the red envelopes to pay the hospital fees, so that she could feel at ease about her treatment. After thorough preoperative preparation and detailed surgical plan and perioperative precautions, the patient underwent mitral valve bioprosthesis under general anesthesia with extracorporeal circulation on December 16, 2013, and the operation went smoothly, and the patient recovered well and was discharged on January 4, 2014. They said, “We are very satisfied with your medical skills and medical services, thank you very much!” According to Xie Cuixian, deputy director, most of the patients with rheumatic heart disease consult the doctor with symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, etc., and some of them are found to have rheumatic heart disease only after cerebral infarction; therefore, the disease should be detected early, diagnosed early and treated early, and cardiac ultrasound is a good routine examination method. If the heart valve stenosis is moderate or severe, or if the heart is enlarged or has obvious clinical symptoms, surgery should be performed in time to avoid complications such as repeated heart failure, pulmonary edema or cerebral infarction.