In the recent consultation, many friends are asking about hematuria, and most of them are very nervous and scared about it. For this reason, I have concentrated the material in my reply for friends for your reference. There are many causes of hematuria, and in most cases it is found when you go to the hospital for routine urinalysis, as long as a few are carnal hematuria, which the patient finds out by himself and then goes to the hospital for consultation and treatment. Generally, if you find out by yourself that you have carnal hematuria and there are clots etc. in the blood or with obvious pain, most of them are caused by extra-renal causes of hematuria, such as stones, other lesions in the bladder or ureter, etc. In this case, you can see the urology department first. If this is not the case, you may see a nephrologist first. If a routine urine test reveals occult blood or red blood cells, known as “microscopic hematuria,” you will usually be told to check the pattern of urine red blood cells to determine the initial cause. There are generally three types of urine red blood cell patterns: one is deformed red blood cells (also known as polymorphic, abnormal red blood cells, etc.), in which red blood cells are mostly leaked from the kidney, mainly due to nephritis; one is normal red blood cells (also known as homogeneous red blood cells), in which red blood cells are mostly caused by bleeding outside the kidney, mainly due to ureteral, bladder and other lesions; one is a mixed type, in which both of the above patterns are present, and it is necessary to The analysis of other medical history is needed to determine the etiology. However, the above-mentioned typing of red blood cell morphology may be influenced by many factors and cannot simply determine the cause. If your hematuria is simple deformed red blood cell urine without proteinuria and hypertension, it may be a mild glomerulonephritis, but the prognosis is usually good and the disease does not progress in more than 95% of patients and usually does not require medication because the effect of red blood cell urine itself on the kidneys is mild and far less than the effect of medication on the kidneys, which is why treatment of simple red blood cell urine is not currently advocated. However, you need to follow up frequently. The progress of such patients will show proteinuria and hypertension, so the main thing is to observe whether proteinuria and hypertension will appear and whether the nature of blood urine changes, such as checking urine routine every 1-3 months, checking blood pressure 1-2 times a month, checking red blood cell pattern once a year, etc. If the urine routine is normal after several times, the frequency of examination can be reduced, but the urine routine should be checked at least once a year so that the disease can be detected in time. Usually take care not to have various infections, such as colds, upper respiratory infections, intestinal infections, etc. Sports can be participated in, but not in strenuous competitive sports. Some cases of simple hematuria have family heredity, mostly thin basement membrane nephropathy or Alport syndrome, both of which require a kidney puncture and need to be diagnosed by electron microscopy. If you have proteinuria or hypertension, it is recommended to check the 24-hour urine protein quantification several times. If it is above 2.0g/d several times, it is necessary to perform nephroporation for typing.