Sometimes, we may find that our urine is very red in color and seems to have blood in the naked eye, which is often like a big enemy. In fact, many “hematuria” is not caused by kidney disease, and there are many “hematuria” and disease at all unrelated. 1, food and drug-induced hematuria: For example, certain drugs (such as rifampin) and food (such as poor quality candy) contain a lot of pigment, which can cause the urine to turn red, but in fact there are no red blood cells in the urine. Treatment: After stopping the intake of these drugs and foods, the red color in the urine will disappear. 2. Hematuria caused by non-kidney diseases: Red blood cells from outside the urinary system are mixed into it, and bleeding from the vagina, foreskin and anus are common. Treatment: Take care not to contaminate the urine when retaining it for examination, and promptly treat diseases of these organs. 3.Functional hematuria: Some healthy children have hematuria after standing for too long or strenuous exercise. This is because the blood filtration of the glomerulus increases during exercise, causing a change in its permeability and resulting in hematuria. Treatment: Functional hematuria is often transient and will disappear after rest. 4, nephrotoxic drugs hematuria: Children who take certain drugs that are toxic to the kidneys (like cold pass, etc.) will have hematuria. This is due to the damage caused by the drug to the urinary system. Treatment: Symptoms will disappear when the medication is stopped in time. However, a few children may have an underlying organic disease that causes hematuria after taking medication. Therefore, parents should not give their children medication without permission. 5.Simple hematuria: Some children have no other systemic symptoms and no kidney function damage besides hematuria. This condition is medically known as “simple hematuria”. In the past, when this situation was encountered, the doctor would perform a kidney puncture test, which caused a lot of pain to the child. However, it has been proven that a significant number of children with “simple hematuria” are completely normal. Therefore, it is not necessary to have a kidney puncture immediately for just one case of hematuria, and it should not be immediately assumed that the child has a kidney disease, just as the occasional higher than normal blood pressure caused by stress or other mental factors should not be diagnosed as hypertension. Treatment: Children with “simple hematuria” do not need special treatment and can be followed up on an outpatient basis. If hematuria persists for more than one year, and if abnormalities (e.g., elevated blood pressure, proteinuria) develop during that time, the child should be seen immediately for further testing (e.g., kidney biopsy).