Acute heart failure can be treated by general therapy, drug therapy, and mechanically assisted circulatory support device therapy.
1. General treatment: patients should be allowed to take a sitting position to avoid emotional stimulation, in addition to immediately giving nasal cannula high-flow oxygen inhalation, in severe cases, the use of non-invasive ventilator continuous pressurization or bi-level positive airway pressure oxygenation, increase the intra-alveolar pressure, to enhance gas exchange, and to counteract the infiltration of tissue fluids into the alveoli.
2. Pharmacotherapy: β receptor stimulants such as dopamine can be used. Small to medium doses of dopamine can improve the symptoms of acute heart failure by reducing peripheral resistance, increasing renal blood flow, increasing myocardial contractility and cardiac output; α receptor antagonists such as uradil can dilate the veins, reduce renal vascular resistance, and reduce the afterload of the heart.
3. Mechanically assisted circulatory support device therapy: available intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, implantable electric left ventricular assist pump to treat the symptoms of heart failure.
Patients with acute heart failure should seek medical attention in a timely manner and should not delay their condition.