The majority of interstitial lung diseases fall into the category of idiopathic interstitial lung disease. Its etiology is still unknown, the lesions are confined to the lungs, and in severe cases, respiratory failure may occur, or pulmonary hypertension, increased right ventricular pressure, right heart failure, and so on. In this article, we analyze the causes of heart failure in the late stage of interstitial lung disease in both Chinese and Western medicine. Generally speaking, most interstitial lung diseases have a common pathologic base process. Initially, it mostly manifests as alveolitis, and as the inflammatory-immune response progresses, irreversible lung scarring (fibrosis) eventually occurs in the alveolar walls, airways, and blood vessels. Inflammation and aberrant repair lead to proliferation of interstitial cells, which produce large amounts of collagen and extracellular matrix. The result is that the normal structure of the lung tissue is replaced by cystic cavities surrounded by thickened fibrotic tissue, which in advanced stages is called “honeycomb lung”. The formation of interstitial fibrosis and “honeycomb lung” leads to a permanent loss of the alveolar gas-exchange unit. Interstitial lung disease develops as a result of early tissue damage and symptomatic changes. Although the etiology or primary cause of interstitial lung disease varies considerably, it is ultimately due to the increased production of pro-fibrotic factors or a relative lack of anti-fibrotic factors, which leads to abnormal ECM metabolism in the course of interstitial lung disease. In general, interstitial lung disease appears as alveolitis in the early stage, with plasma and cellular components in the alveoli, and a large number of monocytes, some lymphocytes, plasma cells, alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells infiltrating the interstitium, and the alveoli are structurally intact. In the advanced stage, the chronic inflammation has been reduced, the alveolar structure is replaced by solid collagen, the alveolar wall is destroyed, and an expanded honeycomb lung is formed. Collagen, extracellular matrix and fibroblasts are distributed in the interstitium, and the alveolar epithelium degenerates into squamous epithelium. Based on the above pathologic changes, the clinical picture is characterized by progressive dyspnea or an irritating dry cough, reticular shadows in the middle and lower lung fields on chest X-ray, and restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. As the disease progresses continuously, the normal lung tissue is replaced by a large amount of fibrous tissue, so the resistance of the pulmonary circulation rises, and due to the severe reduction of alveolar ventilation, the body is in a state of severe hypoxia, and the body meets the body’s need for oxygen by compensatory increase in heart rate, which causes the right ventricular pressure to increase due to the increase in resistance of the pulmonary circulation, which leads to the hypertrophy of the right heart, and then causes the failure of the right heart, which will lead to systemic hypoxia, causing the right ventricular pressure to rise. The systemic hypoxia leads to left heart failure. Eventually, the patient dies of respiratory failure. Chinese medicine believes that interstitial lung disease generally belongs to the category of lung impotence, lung dryness and yin injury and lung qi deficiency cold is the main aspect of the disease mechanism, clinically, this is mostly seen in the body of yin deficiency and dryness, or because of acute infections aggravated by the person, this is the deficiency heat lung impotence. Cold lung impotence is mostly due to internal injuries such as prolonged cough, prolonged wheezing, exhaustion and injury of yang, or deficiency heat lung impotence prolonged for a long time, yin injury and yang, lung deficiency and cold, the loss of moistening. Clinically, this is mostly seen in the body yang qi deficiency, or chronic diseases for a long time, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial dilatation. It is generally believed that the clinical lung impotence caused by lung dryness and fluid injury is more than the deficiency heat. Lung impotence is mostly due to the dry heat of the evil consumption of lung yin caused by the dry heat of the evil can also burn the blood, blood spillage outside the vein into blood stasis; or by the heat of the evil burns the fluid, blood stagnation, blood stasis; qi and yin deficiency can also lead to stasis of blood, qi deficiency of the inability to transport the blood, the stagnation of blood and blood stasis. Once the blood stasis is formed, in turn, it can affect the qi’s propagation, yin and yang qi are difficult to reach, and the lungs are not moistened to further aggravate the lung impotence. From the clinical point of view, patients with interstitial lung fibrosis have stasis in symptoms, signs and laboratory tests, such as dark color, cyanosis, increased blood viscosity, etc. In the late stage of the disease, when it affects the function of the right heart and leads to the right cardiac insufficiency, obvious stasis signs such as blood depletion in the body circulation can appear. The heart and lungs live in the upper jiao, the heart is in charge of blood, the lungs face the hundred veins, the inhalation of clear gas and the essence of water and grain in the heart for blood, in the chest for the zongqi, so the lungs for the stasis of blood blocked, can not be in the heart for blood, new blood can not be born, and in turn, aggravate the symptoms of stasis of blood, can not be in the chest for the zongqi, the heart can not get the moistening of qi and blood, which will inevitably result in the loss of the king’s phase of the harmony, the stasis of blood even more so, the cardiopulmonary function is seriously reduced, and the life is in danger. The above is an analysis of the causes of heart failure in the advanced stage of interstitial lung disease from both Chinese and Western medicine.