On 2010-5-11, the interventional department of our hospital successfully performed minimally invasive percutaneous vertebroplasty for a patient with severe thoracic compression fracture, solving the patient’s intolerable pain and enabling her to stand up again and resume normal standing and walking after 2 months of inability to stand and walk. This beneficiary was a 58-year-old female patient from Daxin County. She had been suffering from thoracic back pain for 7-8 months, which had been aggravated for 2 months. She could not walk on the ground, and even turned over with great difficulty, and could only lie in a forced position for a long time. The preliminary diagnosis was: severe compression fracture of thoracic 10 and 12 vertebrae, and MRI of thoracic 12 vertebrae had abnormal signal, which could not exclude tumor lesion after plain film and MRI examination of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. After consultation with the Director of the Department of Interventional Oncology, Yu Lei concluded that the patient had compression fractures of two vertebrae and the MRI signal abnormality of the thoracic 12 vertebrae required percutaneous vertebral body aspiration biopsy first, and then percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed for the two compressed vertebrae, i.e. the puncture needle was inserted into the diseased vertebrae under DSA fluoroscopic positioning, a small amount of bone tissue was cut and sent for pathological examination, and then 2-3 ml of bone cement was injected into the fractured vertebrae. At the same time, the high temperature of about 70℃ can be generated when the bone cement is injected into the vertebral body for solidification, which can destroy the peripheral nerves of the vertebral body and achieve the effect of pain relief. The patient’s pain was relieved on the night of surgery and he was able to get out of bed and walk on the second day. The patient had a long-awaited smile on his face and told the doctor that it would have been better if he had done this surgery earlier. Compression fractures of the thoracolumbar spine are a common clinical fracture, especially in elderly women over 50 years old. Most of these patients have osteoporosis, and a compression fracture of the vertebrae can be caused by bending over to pick up an object or a mild sprain, resulting in pain in the thoracic back. After a compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine, the traditional treatment is to lie flat on a hard bed with a pillow for the lumbar region and rest for 3 months. Patients are bedridden for a long time, and the pain is prolonged, which can easily produce complications such as constipation, lung infection, and urinary tract infection. In particular, elderly patients with more internal diseases who are bedridden for a long time may have life-threatening conditions due to reduced activities and decreased systemic functions. In addition, according to scientific research, the pain of spinal compression fractures can be relieved after bed rest, but the fractures do not heal like limb fractures, but form a “hollow shell”. Later, after getting up and bearing weight, the degree of compression will further increase, forming a serious “humpback” deformity, and the pain will remain for a long time. In contrast, percutaneous vertebroplasty is less invasive, shorter and quicker to recover, and the procedure is performed under local anesthesia, which can be performed on patients with poor health and older age.