Staging of rectal cancer
As with other cancers, an important task on the bed is to stage the patient after the cancer is treated, because sassafras can be used to estimate the treatment of the patient after the cancer is treated.
Due to the different tools used, the following staging systems are commonly used for rectal cancer.
(The following is the fifth edition of TNM in 1997; R bed and pathological staging using the same score)
Primary [tumor [T]
Tx: primary [tumor] of ophthalmology
T0: primary [tumor] with an image of E
Tis: carcinoma in situ: epithelial cells (lamina propria)
T1: [tumor invading submucosa
T2: [tumor invading muscle
T3: [Tumor invading through the muscle and peritoneal area of the peritoneum
T4: [Tumor invading directly into other organs or Y, and/or peritoneal peritoneum (visceral peritoneam)*
Pen].
Tis includes cancer cells confined to the basal part of the gland (Muscularis mucosae) to the submucosa T4: Direct invasion includes direct invasion of other segments of the body through the membranes, e.g., blind cancer invading the lymphatic organs [N].
Nx: local lymphatic Y estimation
N0: D shift of local lymphatic Y
N1: 1 to 3 localized lymphatic Y migrations
N2: Local lymphatic YD shift with 4 or more
hD shift: [M]
Mx: No u-estimation
M0: ohD shift
M1: with hD shift
E. AJCC/UICC staging of large rectal cancer (according to TMN) (AJCC American Cancer Committee/T/UICCH Cancer CommitteeT)
Phase 0: Tis N0 M0
Stage 1: T1-2 N0 M0
Phase 2: T3-4 N0 M0
Phase 3: Tis-4 N1-2 M0
Phase 4: Tis-4 N0-2 M1
In other words, stage 0 refers to in situ cancer (in situ or intramucosal cancer) in which the cancer is beyond the c-tract and the lesion is in the A-stage.) The first stage is when the cancer cells have penetrated the mucosa and entered the submucosa, but the cancer has not spread to the nearby lymphatic tract. This is also the terminal stage of cancer.
Dukes’ staging method
It was proposed by Sir Cuthbert Dukes in 1932, but it has been 50 years since then and has been slightly modified (originally there were three stages ABC, but in 1967 it was included in stage D). Stage A indicates that the cancer is confined to the c-tract itself; stage B indicates invasion to the fatty Mo outside the c-tract without other D shifts; stage C indicates lymphatic Y D shifts, and it is not [whether the tumor penetrates the c-tract or not; Dt represents the presence of h-selling D shifts.
Astler-Coller’s staging method
The Astler-Coller staging method is based on Mr. Dukes’ staging method and was proposed in 1954, mainly B and C staging. The B1B2C1C2 stages are based on the depth of cell invasion and lymphatic migration. B1 means that the tumor is confined to the intrinsic chrysalis. B2 means that the tumor invades the fatty M around the wall. C1 is the fatty M with lymphatic migration, but not outside the wall. C2t is the fatty M with lymphatic migration and in the presence of lymphatic migration.
The above divisions are listed in the table below. It is also important to understand which staging method is used in the disease, otherwise it is easy to understand. For example, Astter’s staging is less than the second stage of quadruple lymphatic drainage, and Dukes’ staging is the third stage
AJCC/TNMDukeASTLER-COLLER0 IAA, B1IIBB2, B3IIICC1, C2, C3IVDD
In addition, since the Bc score of cancer cytopathology can also provide more information than the bed stage, the segmental score (TNM, 1997) is also provided here. The general term “carcinoma” refers to the adenocarcinoma series.
1. M-type B
Adenocarcinoma in situ
Adenocarcinoma in situ
Mucinous carcinoma colloid type (more than 50% mucinous)
Signet ring cell carcinoma (more than 50% of ring cell)
[Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
2. M score (G)
Gx : ofau estimated score
G1: Well differentiated
G2: Moderately differentiated
G3: poorly differentiated
G4: Undifferentiated
Staging is usually only conjectural before the procedure, unless there is a clear sign of D-migration, otherwise, the only way to rely on the pathological results is to use the results. Therefore, once any cancer is treated, staging is important.