In our clinical work, we often come across friends and relatives, or their related relatives and friends, who bring in chest X-rays or CTs, saying that they have found shadows on their lungs and inquiring whether it is cancer or something else. We say that, indeed, nowadays, the incidence of lung cancer is simply too high, so vigilance is necessary and understandable. In fact, many lung cancers when symptoms come to the clinic, most of them are already in advanced stages when diagnosed. However, about 15% of the patients are accidentally found by routine physical examination without symptoms, and many of these patients belong to the early stage of lung cancer. It is clear that the prognosis of lung cancer is very different from the early and late stage of staging. Therefore, we emphasize that early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer will lead to early recovery. In fact, there are phenomena of homoeopathy and heteroeopathy on imaging, i.e., some lung lesions may be highly suspected of lung cancer on imaging, with large masses, especially those larger than 3cm, with short and fine burrs around, lobulation, pleural pulling signs and other malignant signs, but the final pathological results suggesting that they are tuberculosis or mycosis or mechanized pneumonitis, all of them occur from time to time; on the other hand, there are some lesions that are very small, smaller than 2cm, with relatively smooth edges and no proptosis, and with relatively smooth edges. On the other hand, some lesions are very small, less than 2cm, with relatively smooth edges, no malignant signs as mentioned above, and some of them may even only show partial solid glass shadow, which is very similar to inflammatory lesions or other benign lesions, but the final pathological diagnosis is early stage lung cancer, especially the latter case, which is very easy to cause the early stage lung cancer slipping away from the doctors and patients, and then regret for the rest of their lives. This kind of patients must consult respiratory specialists, especially specialists engaged in lung cancer research, who will take different treatment plans according to each different patient’s situation. As patients and their family members, they should strictly follow the doctor’s instructions, make regular follow-up visits, and observe dynamically, and if the doctor suggests to make a clear diagnosis as soon as possible according to the specific patient’s situation, then they need not hesitate and try to cooperate with him/her as much as possible to complete the diagnosis. For example, a patient aged 35 was admitted to the hospital for pneumothorax 3 years ago, and at that time, the routine chest CT scanning found a small nodule in the right upper lung with a diameter of about 13mm, and further chest CT enhancement suggested that 2/3 of the nodule was solid and 1/3 was a glass-like nodule with partial enhancement, but no obvious malignant signs were seen, and it was considered that the solid component was more, and it was considered that there was a high possibility of benign, but the possibility of early-stage lung cancer could not be ruled out. After examination, no metastatic signs were found in other parts of the patient, and we suggested direct surgical resection to kill two birds with one stone and eliminate future problems forever, but the patient was afraid of surgery and worried that if it was a benign lesion such as chronic inflammation, wouldn’t it be more than worth the loss? As a result, the patient adopted a conservative regular review and dynamic observation, and the changes were not significant in the first 2 years, and the changes were not significant in each routine review, but in the third year, the first review found that there was a surge of 5mm, so the doctor again strongly recommended surgical resection, and this time the patient complied with the doctor’s advice and underwent the surgery, and the result was confirmed to be moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, but unfortunately it was too late, and it had already belonged to the late stage IIIB, and the extrathoracic metastasis occurred very soon after the surgery. This suggests that we must be careful with this kind of patients who are cancerous but do not look like cancer in clinical and imaging manifestations, and do not hesitate to operate if there is any change in the process of close observation, combined with the patient’s psychological manifestations, and the need for surgery. For patients whose imaging manifestations are like cancer, they should also cooperate with doctors as much as possible, improve the examination as soon as possible and make a clear diagnosis, especially for some invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and should not be too worried about the risk of complications of some invasive operations, so they should not hesitate to seek medical treatment and lose sight of the other side of the coin. It is important to know that clinical imaging is only like that, and a definitive diagnosis still needs to be based on pathologic diagnosis. There was once a 56-year-old patient, chest CT, the right lower lung occupying mass, the longest diameter of 7CM, and malignant signs obvious, the doctor highly suspected lung cancer, recommended bronchoscopy, CT-guided percutaneous lung aspiration biopsy, but the patient and his family were once worried about the operation of the risk of complications, and refused to do it, and then after the doctor’s patience for a week to do the work again and again and again, still refused to bronchoscopy, but agreed to do only CT-guided percutaneous lung aspiration biopsy. Guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy was finally confirmed as tuberculosis, and after 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the original lesions were completely absorbed and dissipated. Imagine, if the patient still refuses invasive operation and the diagnosis is still not confirmed, the patient will surely seek treatment everywhere, not to mention spending money in vain, but also the inner torment and the distress and pressure brought to the family members, which is not to be mentioned! Therefore, for those cases that are cancerous but not seemingly cancerous, or seemingly cancerous but not cancerous, as patients and their families, they must treat them calmly and rationally, and follow the doctor’s advice to obtain the pathological basis as soon as possible, so as to make a clear diagnosis.