What is the best age to have surgery for pediatric hypospadias? This is a very real question for parents. There are no strict medical rules, as there is little evidence to determine the best age for a particular age. A large comparative study by Shanghai Jiaotong University (Lu, Nephrourol Mon, 2012; 4(4) 609) found that the age of surgery varied by geographic region, with North America doing it before the age of 2 years (21 months), Europe doing it after the age of 2 years (32 months) and China doing it after the age of 5 years (67 months) on average. The average age of surgery in China was after 5 years of age (67 months). Complications seem to be less frequent at an earlier age (0.6%, 1.9% and 3.5% postoperative urethral fistula rates, respectively). Some experts (Baskin) even propose that children should be operated between 6 and 18 months (Sprnger, Endocr Dev. 2014, 27: p197). However, many colleagues believe that the younger the age, the more difficult the operation. 2. psychological effects A survey by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that children who had surgery between the ages of two and a half and five years had a greater psychological shadow. However, this psychological side effect can be minimized by additional local anesthesia of the wound, same-day surgery (going home early), direct drainage of the urethral stent into the diaper without a diaper bag, use of an easily removable dressing, etc. (Cambel-Walsh Urology, 10th ed, Chapter 130 hypospadias p3507). When I was working at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, I had a colleague in pediatric urology from India who said that men who were about to get married often came to India for hypospadias repair. A common post-operative problem was the pain caused by natural erection and the tension on the wound, which required medication to suppress erection. I think more important is the psychological barrier that some of them have growing up without being able to stand to urinate. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, I believe that pediatric hypospadias should be operated on between the ages of one and two years. Since hypospadias is not life threatening and is basically a penile plastic surgery, this age limit is relative.