Currently, most spine specialists treating cervical and lumbar spine pathologies operate mostly on the basis of diagnostic imaging findings. As a result, on the one hand, the disease that should be treated is not effectively treated, but on the other hand, the malady of overtreatment arises. So, how can patients be treated effectively in clinical practice? This requires identifying the “responsible” lesion site. The responsible lesion site refers to the specific area where the pain is produced. We all know that cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, and other such diseases are degenerative diseases. From the imaging data such as X-rays, CT films, MRI films, etc., many patients will present with multi-segment and multi-site lesions. So do all areas that are “diseased” on imaging require surgery? No, not at all. The clinical diagnosis of a patient’s disease is based on a combination of history, symptoms, signs and imaging findings to determine the specific disease. However, spinal lesions involve many neurological problems, and because there are many nerves in the human body, each with its own distribution, and each with its own relative specificity when lesions occur, they cannot be generalized. Therefore, it is necessary to make a clinical judgment based on the distribution and innervation characteristics of the nerves. How to achieve the most accurate judgment? Here arises – the concept of responsible lesion site. If it is a single interval with significant compression, then it is clear when doing a physical examination in the clinic, and this single interval lesion can be clearly identified as the responsible interval lesion site, and surgical treatment is clear. What if it is a multi-interval lesion with varying degrees of compression? What about this? Often, the superior lesion is causing compression of the inferior nerve. This requires determining where the “responsible intervertebral space” and “responsible nerve root” are located. From the experience of our treatment team, we can find and clarify the specific location of the “responsible vertebral space” and “responsible nerve root” by stimulating the corresponding vertebral space and nerve root with a needle. It is both a minimally invasive diagnostic method and a minimally invasive treatment method. Once the specific location of the disease is found, the treatment can be focused on that point. It will not produce the disadvantage of “not enough” or “too much” treatment.