Small cell central lung cancer is a kind of low differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, characterized by rapid proliferation and early extensive metastasis. The cytoplasm of small-cell central lung cancer contains neuroendocrine granules with endocrine and chemoreceptor functions, which can secrete 5-hydroxytryptamine, catecholamine, histamine and other substances, causing carcinoid syndrome, which is manifested as flushing of the skin, wheezing, diarrhea, and tachycardia. Small cell central lung cancer typically manifests as cough and dyspnea caused by hilar masses and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Due to the biological characteristics of high malignancy, invasiveness and rapid progression of small cell central lung cancer, more than 90% of patients have intrathoracic or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Surgery is generally not recommended, and non-surgical treatments are often the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy being the first line of treatment for small cell central lung cancer.