Staged surgery or palliative surgery refers to surgery or treatment that cannot yet be performed for radical treatment in the current condition, to alleviate and control the condition as much as possible and create favorable conditions for the next step of radical treatment. They are mainly divided into the following categories. (1) Increasing pulmonary blood – the aim is to increase pulmonary blood and reduce or alleviate the pressure load on the cardiac chambers. Drugs to keep the arterial duct open: provide a source of body and pulmonary blood. Arterial duct-dependent precardiac disease such as pulmonary atresia and severe tetralogy of Fallot will cause sudden death after birth when the arterial duct tends to close and cyanosis increases rapidly. Once the diagnosis is clear, the arterial duct should be kept open with intravenous prostaglandin E1 (Protocin) to keep the child alive and create an opportunity for further surgery. Surgical increase of pulmonary blood body-pulmonary bypass: clinically used in tetralogy of Fallot with very poor pulmonary artery development, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia with pulmonary stenosis, etc. An artificial vessel (Gore-Tex) is used to connect the pulmonary artery to the subclavian artery, or the pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta. Body vein-pulmonary artery bypass (cavopulmonary anastomosis): clinically used in patients with functional single ventricle with pulmonary artery stenosis. The upper body venous blood (equal to 1/3 of the body venous blood) goes directly to the pulmonary artery for oxygenation at low pressure, and no longer flows into the right atrium, so the “right-to-left” shunt flow is reduced accordingly, thus reducing the burden on the right ventricle by about 35~45%. (2) Reduction of pulmonary blood: Pulmonary artery banding (Banding) is a reduction procedure for infants with large left-to-right shunts in the hope of controlling congestive heart failure and preventing or terminating the further development of obstructive pulmonary vascular disease. Currently, it is mainly indicated in functional single ventricle with pulmonary hypertension, where pulmonary artery banding is used to limit the rise in pulmonary vascular resistance pending the next surgical step. The trend in congenital heart disease is to perform surgery as early as possible to improve the systemic condition as soon as possible and to maximize the patient’s quality of life. Palliative surgery is a treatment taken when radical treatment is not possible to improve hemodynamics, relieve and control the condition, allow further growth and development, and wait for the time for radical treatment. How long do I have to wait for radical surgery after palliative surgery? The time of radical surgery is subject to the constraints of palliative surgery, heart and pulmonary vascular development, consultation and treatment conditions (it may even be impossible to perform radical surgery). Generally, at least once every six months after palliative surgery, a comprehensive examination, including electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, cardiac ultrasound, and cardiac catheterization if necessary, should be performed in the hospital, and a decision will be made by the doctor after overall evaluation.