What is gynecomastia
Gynecomastia, also known as gynecomastia, refers to unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement that occurs in men at different times and for different reasons at different ages, with breast distention and pain, with disc-shaped nodules palpable under the areola, with individual nipple retraction and nipple overflow, and with a similar appearance to the breast of adolescent girls. hypertrophy and other names.
What are its symptoms?
Male unilateral or bilateral mammary glands show female development, with well-developed nipples and areolas. A disc-shaped, hard, tough, well-margined lump can be palpated under the areola, mostly 2 to 3 cm in diameter, with some mobility and no adhesion to the skin. A small number of patients have distension or mild tenderness, and very few may have nipple discharge. Occasionally, the lump is not in the central part of the breast but in one of the quadrants, mostly in the upper quadrant.
How to treat
1.Medication
(1) Androstenedione (dihydrotestosterone): It can inhibit the aromatization of androgens in the body, thus reducing the production of estrogen. Usage: 200mg.
Intramuscular injection, once every 2 to 4 weeks for 16 weeks.
(2) Tamoxifen (triamcinolone): anti-estrogenic drug method: 10mg, 2 times/d, 2-4 months as a course of treatment.
(3) Traditional Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine treatment: omitted.
2.Surgical treatment
In addition to etiological treatment and medication, surgical treatment is available for gynecomastia.
(1) Indications for surgery.
① male breast diameter greater than 4cm, long-term can not subside;
②Breast enlargement obviously affects the aesthetics;
(3) Long-term breast pain, the regular treatment with drugs does not work;
(4) Breast lumps that cannot be excluded from malignant changes.
(2) Surgical methods.
①Subcutaneous mastectomy through the frontal incision of the chest wall: suitable for young patients with small breast development;
② Trans-lumpectomy subcutaneous mastectomy: point: hidden incision, better postoperative appearance. Suitable for young patients with large breast development and high requirements for appearance;
③Simple mastectomy (without preserving nipple and areola) is mostly suitable for older patients with larger breasts.
The surgically excised tissue needs to be routinely sent for pathological biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and exclude malignant lesions
Health education
1, because male breast development may be one of the manifestations of other diseases in the body, patients should do liver function, chest X-ray, ultrasound, hormone measurement and other examinations under the guidance of a doctor to find possible causes and actively treat various primary diseases.
2.Patients who have not undergone surgery should pay attention to avoid foods and drugs that may lead to estrogen/testosterone imbalance in the body, such as honey and royal jelly.
3.Post-operative guidance: drainage is needed according to the situation, and attention should be paid to keep the drainage tube unobstructed and the drainage opening clean to avoid infection. Patients often need local pressure dressing to help the flap to fit, so pay attention to choose a tight-fitting dress with proper elasticity. Do not do sudden or large activities of the shoulder joint within 1 month after surgery; do not do pull-ups, play basketball, volleyball and other strenuous upper limb activities within 3 months; after 3 months, you can do chest expansion and other exercises and gradually increase the intensity of exercise.
4, too obese people, try to exercise and appropriate diet “pain to change the former fat”.
4, too obese people, try to exercise and appropriate diet “painful to change the former fat”.