A slim figure and full breasts are uniquely beautiful for women, while it is embarrassing for men to have bulging breasts. It manifests as enlarged breasts, sometimes with localized pain or milk-like discharge. In addition to affecting the appearance, more patients feel embarrassed and mentally depressed. Xiao Nan is 20 years old and unknowingly found that her breasts were gradually bulging. He was often ashamed to show his breasts, and even bathing had to be done secretly, which inevitably led to people saying he was a daughter, so he had no choice but to go to the hospital. In fact, Nan is indeed a man. This situation is medically known as “gynecomastia” or “gynecomastia”, mostly seen in young and middle-aged people, more on one side than on both sides. This is mainly due to endocrine disorders in the body, with relatively high estrogen levels and relatively low androgen levels; or androgen receptor defects, increased aromatase activity in the breast tissue and increased sensitivity to estrogen; taking drugs that inhibit testosterone synthesis or increase endogenous estrogen formation; taking estrogen or drugs with estrogen-like effects. Excessive estrogen stimulates the breast tissue, causing it to proliferate and develop. The pathological manifestations are ductal hyperplasia without alveolar hyperplasia, which can be generally divided into two categories: primary cases are usually more common in adolescent boys and older men, mainly due to a transient increase in endogenous estrogen or a decrease in androgens, and can often subside on their own; secondary cases are commonly caused by liver disease, testicular disease, adrenal gland disease, thyroid disease, diabetes, and tumors of the genitourinary system or nervous system The development of breasts can also be caused by the long-term use of estrogen, prostate disease, or other drugs (reserpine, remifentan, digitalis, chlorpromazine, etc.), and usually subsides when the drugs are stopped. In addition, hermaphroditism, congenital testicular dysplasia, can also lead to breast enlargement. Therefore, the treatment of gynecomastia hypertrophy should vary from person to person. The first thing to do is to find out if there are any liver, kidney or testicular diseases, and what drugs have been taken, so that the cause can be removed and the treatment can be applied, and most of them can return you to a strong male physique. The first consideration is conservative treatment: for primary gynecomastia, most of it will subside naturally and no special treatment is needed; for secondary gynecomastia, treatment should be directed at the cause. The second option is surgery: for those with significant pain, excessive breast enlargement or persistent non-receding, surgical excision can be performed by removing the enlarged glandular tissue through an arched incision in the areola, but retaining the glandular tissue under the nipple to support the nipple, which can avoid post-operative nipple depression and restore good breast shape. Gynecomastia surgery is usually an outpatient procedure, but in severe cases or other special circumstances, a one-day stay or hospitalization is required. The procedure usually takes an hour and a half to complete, but in severe cases it may take longer. Surgical anesthesia is intensified with local anesthesia, and more extensive correction requires general anesthesia, with the patient asleep throughout the procedure. Excision alone or combined with liposuction may be performed. If the enlarged breast is caused by excess glands, they will need to be removed with a blade, usually with an incision located at the edge of the areola, through which the surgeon removes excess fatty glands and skin around the areola and on the side of the breast. If your breasts contain excess fat tissue, the surgeon will probably remove the excess fat with liposuction: a small incision of less than 1 cm around the areola or an incision placed under the upper arm where a suction tube is inserted and the plastic surgeon sucks out the fat. Patients may feel vibration or friction during the operation, and there is generally no pain. Post-operative precautions 1. 1 to 2 days after surgery, you should get up and move around; 2. The area will be swollen and bruised for a while, and you may actually feel no improvement at all. To reduce swelling, it is best to wear elastic tights 24 hours a day for 1 to 2 weeks, and then at night for several weeks. Although the most severe swelling will disappear in the beginning weeks, it will take more than 3 months to get the final result; 3. The sutures will be removed intermittently about 1 week after surgery; 4. The areola and nipple may feel abnormal, usually temporarily, and the recovery time of the feeling varies from person to person; 5. Sexual life should be avoided for one week after surgery; 6. Strenuous activities of the upper limbs should be properly reduced after surgery to prevent the effect of surgery; 7. Regular Return visit.