This question is literally answered, of course, first and foremost by patients who have diabetes. However, not all diabetics will develop diabetic retinopathy. People with the following risk factors are more likely to develop diabetic retinopathy: 1. Duration of diabetes: i.e., how long they have had diabetes This is the most important risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy. Clinically, we often see patients who have been found to have diabetes for only 3-4 months come to the ophthalmology department for fundus examination and are found to have diabetic retinopathy, indicating that his diabetes may have existed for 5-10 years, but he is just unaware of it. A study shows that 1/4 of diabetic patients have diabetic retinopathy, when the duration of diabetes is within 10 years, 5-10% have diabetic retinopathy; 10-14 years of the disease, 25% of patients have diabetic retinopathy; more than 15 years of the disease, 60% have diabetic retinopathy, and more than 30 years, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy up to 95%. 2, blood glucose control: long-term poor blood glucose control is another major risk factor for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy Long-term hyperglycemia causes microvascular lesions in various tissues and organs, necrosis of the pericytes of capillaries, and then thinning of endothelial cells, impaired function, and leakage of fluid components from the vessels into the tissues, resulting in tissue lesions and dysfunction. Therefore, long-term effective control of blood glucose in diabetic patients is an important means of reducing their complications. In our clinic, we often hear patients say that his blood glucose control is quite good in recent days, all around 6-7 mmol/L, but his fundus diabetic retinopathy is very heavy. Because the blood glucose we usually measure only reflects the blood glucose level at the time of testing, we cannot know the overall situation of blood glucose control in a period of time, and a few times of normal blood glucose level does not represent the good control of their blood glucose. There is a clinical index called glycosylated hemoglobin, which is the golden index of blood glucose control, and it can reflect the blood glucose control of patients in the past 8-12 weeks. Therefore, it is recommended that patients should test glycosylated hemoglobin every 3 months and monitor blood sugar in real time according to the change of diet and living. In recent years, blood glucose fluctuation has become another new indicator for clinical assessment of blood glucose in the body after fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and it can reflect the situation of blood glucose in the body more comprehensively and truly, which is also an important factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy. Uncontrolled postprandial hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia caused by poor medication compliance are the main causes of abnormal blood glucose fluctuations. Fluctuating blood glucose is more likely to cause cell damage and promote retinopathy than persistent high glucose. Therefore, diabetic patients need a reasonable diet structure and lifestyle, and standardized treatment under the guidance of endocrinologists and long-term adherence in order to reduce or slow down the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and reduce the risk of blindness. 4. Other aspects High blood lipids, hypertension and kidney disease can promote or aggravate diabetic retinopathy, and attention must be paid to the treatment and control of these related diseases.