With the civilization and progress of society, people’s living standards continue to improve, the prevalence of diabetes is rising, and the number of patients is at a record high. As an ophthalmologist for many years, we see many diabetic patients with severely impaired vision and even blindness every day, which come to the hospital, and at this time we ophthalmologists often feel very difficult, very torn, very sorry, sometimes really can not help. However, we also have many diabetic patients after early treatment, vision recovery, maintain a good, see their relaxed, happy mood we ophthalmologists feel immensely gratified. The main cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients is diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults. According to the literature, retinopathy occurs in about 80% of type 1 diabetic patients with 10 years of disease, and in almost 100% of those with more than 15 years of disease. In type 2 diabetic patients, retinopathy occurs in 15% of patients at diagnosis; in 10 years of disease, the prevalence of retinopathy is 55%; in more than 15 years of disease, retinopathy occurs in 70% of patients. Although retinopathy is a serious blinding eye disease, early prevention and treatment can reduce the degree of blindness and restore and maintain effective vision. Retinal photocoagulation is currently the most classic and effective treatment for diabetic retinopathy, effectively controlling the progression of retinopathy and reducing the possibility of advanced diabetic retinopathy. More than 10 years ago, we were the first to carry out retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetes in Zhuzhou City. Our clinical data over the years show that the risk of 5-year vision loss can be reduced by more than 50% after patients undergo total retinal photocoagulation, thus greatly reducing the risk of serious visual impairment. The best time for this treatment is before the visual function is impaired, but at this time patients usually rarely take the initiative to go to the ophthalmology department, and some patients think their vision is fine at that time and do not accept the doctor’s advice. Once moderate or above visual impairment occurs, it is difficult to reverse the already lost visual function even with retinal photocoagulation treatment. If diabetic retinopathy enters an advanced stage and serious complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment occur, it is difficult to restore vision even with further surgical treatment, and the prognosis is very poor. Therefore, diabetic retinopathy can be prevented, controlled and treated under strict control of blood sugar and systemic diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and the key to preventing blindness in diabetic patients lies in early screening and regular follow-up, and retinal photocoagulation and other treatments are given at the right time.