The most effective and long-lasting treatment for patients with obesity-related type 2 diabetes is bariatric surgery. Studies have shown that bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes can lead to disease remission in up to 80% of patients. However, little is known about its impact on the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy. To assess the effect of bariatric surgery on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, Professor Murphy et al. conducted a study, the results of which were published in Diabet Med on February 16, 2015, showing that bariatric surgery is associated with stabilization and remission of diabetic retinopathy, and that the higher the preoperative stage of diabetic retinopathy, the more significant the postoperative HbA1c reduction. The higher the preoperative diabetic retinopathy stage, the more significant the postoperative HbA1c reduction, and the more active the follow-up. The study was a retrospective, observational study. From January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2012, the investigators collected retinal examination records from patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery at four surgical centers. Data were analyzed for patients who had a preoperative retinal examination and those who had at least one postoperative retinal examination. A generalized linear mixed model was used to explore how important baseline characteristics could be controlled for to predict disease severity conditions at some time postoperatively. The results showed that 68.6% of 318 patients had no diabetic retinopathy preoperatively, and 18.9%, 8.5%, and 4% had mild, moderate, or more than moderate diabetic retinopathy, respectively. The first postoperative retinal examination showed that 73% of the patients had unchanged diabetic retinopathy grade, 11% had reduced lesions, and 16% had progressive lesions. The probability of having a postoperative diabetic retinopathy grade of moderate or greater was highly correlated with reduced HbA1c, duration of postoperative retinal examination, severe preoperative retinopathy grade, being male, and being non-Maori and Pacific peoples. Studies have shown that bariatric surgery is associated with stabilization and remission of diabetic retinopathy over time. The risk of early postoperative disease progression is low. Although preoperative glucose retinal severity is critical for the first postoperative assessment of diabetic retinopathy, the timing of bariatric surgery should also be considered. The study concluded that postoperative retinal examination should be continued for at least 5 years, especially in those patients with significant postoperative HbA1c reduction. This is because such patients are at risk of worsening diabetic retinopathy. The higher the preoperative stage of diabetic retinopathy and the more pronounced the postoperative HbA1c reduction, the more intensive the follow-up of retinopathy should be.