Genital herpes is an infection by the herpes simplex virus, which may be herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV
-2). Most genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex type 2 virus. Many people who become infected have no signs or very few symptoms, and they do not even know they are infected. The initial clinical presentation is usually the appearance of one or more blisters around the genitals. These blisters then rupture, ulcerate, and become marginal ulcers (sores), usually in two to four weeks, and the initial ulcers heal on their own. Then for the first time, another wave of ulcers will appear for weeks or months, but it is usually not as severe as the first one and tends to last for a shorter period of time. The infection of the virus stays in the body, only the outbreaks of ulcers diminish from year to year. Herpes simplex type 2 virus is more prevalent in the female population (about 1/4) than in the male population (about 1/8). This may be due to the greater incidence of transmission from males to females than from females to males. Viruses cause ulcers in which herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 viruses can be found, but both viruses may also be released intermittently from the normal skin between ulcers. Generally, the herpes simplex type 2 virus is transmitted through sexual contact, and the person transmitting it may not be in obvious pain or aware that he or she is infected. The herpes simplex type 1 virus can cause genital herpes, but it is more likely to cause infections of the mouth and lips, known as “labial herpes”. Oral sex or sex with someone infected with herpes simplex I can cause genital herpes I infection. Ulcers caused by genital herpes simplex type 1 virus are usually less severe than those caused by type 2 virus. Proper and consistent use of condoms reduces the risk of infection and prevents transmission of the virus, but cannot completely rule out the possibility of infection because secretions during sexual intercourse can also lead to transmission of the virus. Herpes simplex virus infection can be diagnosed by having a genital break smear test. There are many antiviral drugs available, or acute as well as suppressive treatment (prophylaxis).